德国高等教育发展的最新动向——从“精英倡议计划”到“精英战略”

Abstract:The Excellence Initiative launched by the German federal government and the governments of the federal states （Länder） has since 2005 been implemented in two stages. It promoted the differentiation of higher education in Germany，optimized the structure of university governance，enhanced its effectiveness and promoted the education of young academic researchers as well as increased the international visibility of German universities and scientific research. On June 16th，2016，the German federal government and the state governments jointly adopted the “Excellence Strategy”，which is the follow-up program of the Excellence Initiative. Its aim is to further strengthen Germany as a science nation，enhance its international competitiveness and increase the international visibility of German universities and scientific research through two funding lines. They are to support German universities as individual institutions or university consortia：“Clusters of Excellence” for project-based funding in internationally competitive research and “Universities of Excellence” for the strengthening of universities in the long-term and in order to further develop their leading international role.

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