欧洲移民发展、治理现状与趋势

Abstract:In modern times，most European countries are net-immigration countries. In the European Union member sates，immigrant population includes immigrants from EU member states and immigrants from third countries （non-EU member states）. Non-EU immigrants come from diverse sources and are unevenly distributed among EU States. Family reunification，education，employment and refugees constitute the main categories of non-EU migrants entering EU states. The total number of asylum applications approved fell during the year，but the refugee stock continued to grow. The immigration policies among EU states have different patterns，and there are obvious differences in the concept and implementation plan of immigrant integration. However，from the unemployment rate and poverty rate，nationals from third countries （non-EU immigrants） are generally at a disadvantage. The degree of immigrant integration affects not only immigrants themselves，but also the politics，economy，society and culture of EU states. The issue of immigration has been “politicized”，immigrants become “scapegoats” for the rise of unemployment rate，“parallel societies” exist between immigrant groups and mainstream groups，and conflicts between immigrant cultures and European cultures have emerged. Europe’s future immigration governance needs to focus more on immigrant integration and aims to achieve mutual understanding and tolerance among social groups.

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