Abstract:Nationally Determined Contributions （NDC） is the core system of Paris Agreement，which reflects the change of global climate governance model from “top-down” to “bottom-up”. According to the Paris Agreement and relevant decisions，all parties will communicate or update their NDC in 2020. It is of great significance to analyze the update mode and characteristics of NDC in various countries to promote the implementation of Paris Agreement. Around 2015，193 parties submitted 165 Intended Nationally Determined Contributions （INDC），demonstrating the willingness of all parties to actively take climate action. Up to July 1，2020，13 parties have communicated or updated the NDC. The updating modes mainly include seven types：increasing the quantifiable number of mitigation targets，adjusting the types and coverage of mitigation targets，increasing the 2050 carbon-neutral vision，supplementing the policy and measures for achieving the goals，actively applying NDC information and accounting guidance，reporting the progress of NDC implementation，adding adaptation goals and policies Strategy. It is found that the updated NDCs in some countries have showed some problems that may affect the effectiveness of global climate governance，including increasing the target number but the actual mitigation efforts is regressing，adjusting the target types but the target is not comparable，proposing the long-term target of 2050 but avoid the enhancement of the near-future 2030 target ambition，only proposing the target but without the implementation policies and measures，and insufficient financial support for NDC implementation. For China，it is suggested to strengthen dialogue with all parties to consolidate the “bottom-up” arrangement of the Paris Agreement，establish a reasonable “view of strength” in the climate multilateral process. It is also suggested to strengthen the domestic preparatory work for NDC and strengthen the international cooperation on the implementation of NDC.
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