1972年跨国石油公司与欧佩克围绕石油参股问题的博弈

Abstract:OPEC launched the struggle to recover the sovereignty of oil resources in the early 1970s in order to safeguard the oil rights of oil producing countries. Negotiations on oil participation between OPEC and multinational oil companies were held from January 21 to October 5，1972，and the representatives of both sides signed the New York Agreement which was the product of a compromise. OPEC increased its initial rate of participation from 20 percent to 25 percent，and the companies received more compensation than OPEC’s initial proposal. The agreement allowed OPEC countries to gradually gain sovereignty over their oil resources，and led to the further breakdown of the international oil regime by which multinational oil corporations had controlled the oil of producers. That the attitude of multinational oil companies toward OPEC shifted from rejecting OPEC’s demands for participation to largely accepting OPEC’s demands during the negotiations was the result of a combination of factors. Firstly，the core motive was to defend the economic interests of multinational oil companies. Secondly，the growth and struggle of OPEC was an important external factor. Thirdly，the evolution of the situation in the Middle East contributed to the struggle for OPEC’s participation. Finally，the fundamental reason was the shift of the center of world oil production to the Middle East.

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