美国对华科技竞争的新动向（2020~2021）

Abstract:It is the bipartisan agreement in the United States that China has become the most severe challenger to America’s global hegemonic position，while “critical and emerging technology” has become the core realm of great power competition. In contrast to Donald Trump’s policy of all-out technological competition with China，Biden Administration technological competition against China is featured by three main policies，namely，self-strengthening，targeted containment and cooperation with partners. The aim of these policies is maintaining America’s global hegemonic position in the course of American-Chinese power transition，and preventing China from obtaining “asymmetric advantages” vis-à-vis the United States. Biden’s technology policy towards China is also influenced by party politics and the extremist undercurrent in American politics. To effectively compete with China in the technological realm，the United States is ready to forfeit some of its treasured principles. Although Biden’s policies are mostly likely to prevail，swayed by the extremist undercurrent in American politics，there is possibility that the United States pursues more extreme policies in the future. The United States’ technological competition against China is a major backpedaling on globalization，and is likely to trigger collective protectionism of the Western world. For Sino-American relations，there is no turning back to the pre-Trump era. China has to get ready for enduring competition with the United States，especially in the technology realm.

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