历史视角破局“走出去”的本质与战略启示：对标日本企业“走出去”的发展路径探寻中国制造“走出去”现状

Abstract:This chapter analyzes the fundamental characteristic of “going out” as a cyclical feature of world economic history. The trend has both contingent and inevitable aspects. The fact that a given country emerges as the “factory of the world” does not mean that its manufacturing industries and businesses cannot successfully “go out，” i.e. develop overseas. Rather，the success of a country in “going out” depends on whether it can establish core advantages and realize industrial upgrading in the process of manufacturing development.To further explore factors shaping this cyclical process，this chapter selects Japan’s economic take-off after World War II as a benchmark. It summarizes three reasons for Japan’s rapid rise：the impetus given by the historic opportunity of serving US “special needs” at the time；symbiosis with the conglomerate structure as a foundation of development；and micro-innovation and continuous improvement by Japanese entrepreneurs as a driving force.The chapter summarizes three laws of Japanese enterprises “going out” based on case studies of Sony，7-11，and Muji. By examining when，why and how enterprises “go out，” this chapter provides strategic insights for Chinese enterprises to draw on. Finally，the chapter provides an overview of current trends in Chinese manufacturing “going out” via e-commerce from the perspective of early-stage investors.

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