赫尔德，原始主义与诗的时代

Abstract:The two chief forms of primitivism，chronological and cultural，are alike given early expression in the works of the great eighteenth-century aesthetician-historian，Johann Gottfried Herder.Involved in Herder's insistence upon the natural development of the integral personality is a distinctly primitivistic use of“nature”as a norm.Herder's the Speculations on Philosophy of Historyhad brought him some distance from the aestheticism of the earlier works.The “youth”of mankind is no longer the only period with values；a more relativistic spirit is beginning to manifest itself even in Herder's more mature work.We can in general，however，describe the primitivistic outlook of Herder before 1784 as predominantly a unilateral-infinitist theory of world-cycles.These last are unquestionably present in Another Philosophy of History and Selected Political Writings，as is also the characteristic feature of all of Herder's work-the constant use of nature as norm.

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