东北古代民族筑城源流及文化特征述论

Abstract:The history of ancient cities in ancient Northeast of China，from Xiajiadian Lower Level Culture to Qing dynasty，lasts 4000 years and hardly stopped. Stone Cities，shaped by Xiajiadian Lower Level Culture，is the prototype of the ancient cities in ancient Northeast of China，and profoundly influences mountain fortifications of Yemack，Koguryo，Bohai and Jurchen ethnics. The discovery of Fuyu circular clay-built cities and ancient cities of Han and Wei Dynasties group found in Sanjiang plain has proved that ancient northeast ethnics of China have entered civilized society. Begining with building the clay-built plain city，Bohai kingdom entered the period of buildling complicated and grand-scale cities and was inherited by Liao and Jin dynasties. After the Yuan and Ming dynasties，the ancient cities in Northeast China has gradually died out. Later though city civilization in Northeast has revived for a while，represented by Jianzhou Jurchen cities and “guanwaisanjing”（three capitals outside Shanhaiguan Pass of Qing dynasty），it is generally considered as the sunset of the fortification civilization in ancient Northeast of China.

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