从“基地”组织到“伊斯兰国”——国际恐怖主义组织结构的演化

Abstract:Al-Qaeda and the Islamic State are the most influential terrorist groups in the current international society. Compared to Al Qaeda’s loose hierarchy organizational structure，Islamic state has an organizational structure that bears the characteristics of strict hierarchy and centralism. In a sense，from al-Qaeda to Islamic State，the organizational structure of international terrorism has evolved. This article uses the theory of social evolution to provide an explanation for this evolution. This article argues that the fragmented situation of the Middle East，especially the turbulent political upheavals in Iraq and Syria，provide a very favorable basis for the development of Islamic State and the leader of the Islamic State inherits and internalizes the thoughts of its predecessor，Abu Musab al-Zarqawi，on establishing a caliphate and setting up the Islamic State. The organizational structure of the Islamic state is similar to the nation-state and provides a lot of advantages that other terrorist organizations lack. At the same time，though，the organizational structure of Islamic state has apparent disadvantages and its existence faces some major challenges now. In the future，the organizational structure of international terrorism will continue to evolve，including both al-Qaeda and the Islamic state.

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