美国少年司法制度的变革与前景
文章摘要:百年以来的美国少年司法制度始终在福利与惩罚、照顾与问责之间往复摇摆。以“儿童最大利益”和非正式程序为特征的福利型少年司法在20世纪八九十年代青少年犯罪率持续增长的背景下逐步转型,趋于硬化,并逐渐向成人刑事司法靠拢,大大动摇了以国家亲权为基本理念的少年司法制度的基础,挑战着该制度存在的正当性。少年司法制度的理念已深深植入美国的法律文化当中,除了少年司法制度的模式外,目前美国没有更有效的替代机制。美国最高法院对米勒诉阿拉巴马州案(Miller v.A... 展开
Abstract:In the last century,the American juvenile justice system swung back and forth between welfare and punishment,care and accountability. In the 1980s and 1990s,under the growth of the juvenile delinquency rate,the American juvenile justice system,which had the characteristics of“best interests of children”and informal procedure,transformed step by step and became more rigid. Such change strongly shook the basis of juvenile justic... 展开