Abstract:Since 2022，extreme weather has become more frequent worldwide，and extreme weather events boosted by human-induced climate change have become “the new normal”. The impacts of extreme weather events are unevenly distributed across the world. 2022 has seen significant volatility in the global energy landscape. The Ukraine crisis triggered the first global energy crisis，which caused fossil fuel prices to soar and emissions from energy combustion to increase by 423 million tons. Global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions reached a new high during the year but increased at a lower-than-expected level due to the strong expansion in renewable energy and electric vehicles. Global government spending on clean energy transitions has risen to USD 1.2 trillion since the start of the pandemic. Global energy investment is expected to be USD 2.8 trillion in 2023，of which more than USD 1.7 trillion is going to clean energy，but investment is unevenly distributed between developed and developing countries. In 2022，the global response to climate change action is characterized by two main features：on the one hand，international climate cooperation has made new progress，and COP27 has achieved a breakthrough in the establishment of the “Loss and Damage” Fund；on the other hand，with the increasing unilateralism of some major economies in climate action，the political characteristics of global climate governance has been strengthened. The first global stocktake of the Paris Agreement urges countries to get on track to attain the 1.5℃ target. The future of the fight against climate change continues to depend on the cooperation among countries.
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