加拿大应对“芬太尼危机”的策略与困境：以温哥华为例

Abstract:The fentanyl crisis has drawn global attention in recent years as a result of increases in both overdose deaths and non-fatal overdoses in North America. Among Canadian cities，Vancouver’s lessons in dealing with the fentanyl crisis deserve in-depth research，and its difficulties also reflect the nature of drug abuse governance，that is complex，long-term and arduous. This paper comprehensively uses the historical literature method and field work method to conduct research，and takes the hardest-hit area by drugs—Vancouver Downtown Eastside as the field site. The finding is that since Vancouver opened the first supervised injection site（Insite）in North America，it has gradually accumulated a certain amount of experience in dealing with drug abuse. As well，the Vancouver City has implemented a range of strategies to meet the challenges of the fentanyl crisis. The specific manifestations are：the overdose prevention services to rescue drug overdose people，safe supply strategy to ensure the health and safety of drug users，social organizations actively participate in crisis management. In addition，in response to the challenge of the Covid-19 Pandemic，Vancouver has also made some attempts to solve the fentanyl crisis，although some measures have been controversial，such as compassion clubs，fentanyl capsules，and the decriminalization of a certain amount of hard drugs. In short，Vancouver’s crisis response model has promoted Vancouver’s community-based participation in the governance of the fentanyl crisis through cooperation in law enforcement，justice，medical care，social organizations，and social security. However，there is also path dependence in Vancouver’s crisis response，that is，the implementation of the Four Pillars drug strategies mainly focuses on harm reduction，which keeps drug users in a cycle of addiction for long term. The cycle of addictive experience is easy to make drug users do negative behaviors that hurt themselves，other citizens，and society，and the impact of the harm is long-term and far-reaching. How to avoid making harm reduction strategies a “strategy of last resort” is the starting point for Vancouver to response to the similar public health emergency in the future.

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