清代乍浦港—长崎的海域互动——航路、海船与贸易经营模式

Abstract:Located on the north shore of Hangzhou Bay，Zhapu Port has been important coastal defense town and throat point in Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions since Ming and Qing Dynasties. After Emperor Kangxi opened the maritime embargo，the trade with Japan in costal areas developed rapidly. Zhapu seized the opportunity to carry out trade with Japan，and gradually stood out among many seaports，becoming the central port of the Qing Dynasty，and even gained the exclusive position in trade with Japan after the middle of Qianlong period. Zhapu and Nagasaki are at roughly the same latitude，across the East China Sea. On the basis of profound navigation experience，the crews have gradually developed stable routes with low cost and weak risk through long-term trade practice. The sea ships participating in Sino-Japanese trade are mainly flat-bottomed sand junks active in the inland rivers and coastal areas of Jiangsu and Zhejiang，and sharp-bottomed birdboats that are good at resisting wind and waves. With the help of actual carriers such as seaways and ships，the Zhapu-Nagasaki trade has gradually formed a mature trade mode integrating cargo owners，managers，itinerant traders，shippers and sailors in the development process，thus building a bridge for the exchange and interaction of people，objects and information in the East Asian seas from the 17th to the 19th century.

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