Abstract:the historical background of the Upheaval in the Middle East includes the following aspects：（1）The progress of modernization in the region is slow，and the effect of social and economic development is not obvious. （2）The progress of political democratization is also slow. （3）The development of civil society，especially Islamist organizations. （4）Pressure growth at home and abroad to promote the opening of public opinion and the evolution of political economy. From the macro level，the basic characteristics of the upheaval can be summarized as obvious universality，spontaneity，grassroots，epochal，secularity，uncertainty and comprehensiveness，especially in the early stage. On the whole，the Upheaval in the Middle East has had the following important effects：firstly，it has posed a major threat to the existing state system in the Middle East since the World War I. Secondly，through the change of the internal political power contrast，the political system and centralization of some Middle East countries have been affected to different degrees. Thirdly，the rise of extreme religious forces has a serious geopolitical impact. Fourthly，the economy of the Middle East countries is in a state of fluctuation，while the countries suffering from civil war have experienced obvious recession. Fifthly，the Middle East society has been hit. Sixthly，major changes have taken place in the geographical pattern of the Middle East. Finally，the Upheaval in the Middle East has resulted in a large number of casualties and serious humanitarian crisis.
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