江户时代的疫病与日本兰学的兴起
文章摘要:江户时代中后期疫病频发,一般人因为得不到可靠的治疗而只能采取迷信行为自救。同时,日本儒学与汉方医学也发生了重要变化,实证主义开始受到重视。在此背景下,兰学从对近代西方医学的营养汲取中兴起。通过对人体的研究,兰学家开始相信人皆为人的普遍人性理念。随着兰学家的世界认识不断扩展与深入,他们要求探寻普遍的客观真理,打破传统的华夷秩序而提倡平等的国家观,并尝试构思突破德川政权治下以封建等级制为基础的社会制度,迈出了日本近代化的第一步。
Abstract:The late Edo period has witnessed frequent outbreaks of epidemic disease. The average people,unable to access reliable medical care,could only save themselves by turning to superstition. Meanwhile,Japanese Confucianism and Kampo medicine underwent important changes;positivism began to gain attention. In that context,Rangaku rose from the absorption of modern Western medicine. By studying the human body,Rangaku scholars were conv... 展开