Abstract:New Psychoactive Substances，as a threat to human health and well-being，have become “drugs of the third generation” after the conventional drugs and synthetic drugs，with its unprecedented emergence，great variety，potential danger，widespread existence，public health risk and strong harmful effects. In recent years，NPS have continued to emerge at a fast pace and the black market has expanded；stimulants have increased rapidly；Fentanyl analogues and Tramadol have posed serious problems. Accordingly，NPS have gradually become a new global threat. The production and abuse of NPS have brought severe challenges to the global public health，regional and national safety and stability，and public well-being. Faced with new threats and challenges，with the United Nations as the platform，international organizations and the international community have enhanced cooperation in many ways to tackle the NPS problem，for instance，the establishment of early warning systems，the detection and identification of NPS by Expert Committee，and scientific control and management based on a more accurate and comprehensive list of NPS. These measures have made some progress in addressing the issue of NPS. However，the international community need to undertake efforts and respond to the NPS problem effectively through different ways，like raising people’s awareness of the potential risks of NPS，speeding up the process of identification of NPS and implementing the initiative to control the use of NPS，promoting regional informatization，taking a balanced and integrated approach，and adopting the new and creative governance model，thus focusing on the 2016 UNGASS 2030 Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals and aiming at solving the crisis of NPS.
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