美国高等教育普及化阶段的挑战与合作回应

Abstract:Diversification is one of the most important characteristics in universal higher education in USA，with more types of institutions，a more diverse student body，more flexible learning process，more personalized and adaptive teaching paradigms，more constituents being engaged in higher education governance，and so on. With these changes，American higher education has faced more challenges. This study uses Martin Trow’s conceptual framework of universal higher education to describe some challenges American higher education faced or is facing with during its universal higher education period such as equal opportunity，student affordability，non-traditional student management，financial constraints and many others. This study also examines how higher education systems in California collaborate to solve some of these challenges to meet students’ demand for higher learning. China just entered into its universal higher education. The challenges American universities had at the earlier stage of universal higher education or is currently facing with and their collaborative responses to the challenges may have implications for further development of universal higher education in China.

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