New York City, located in the southern part of New York State, is the most populous city in the United States. According to the data of the United States Census Bureau, the total area of New York City is 778.17 square kilometers. As of July 1, 2021, the population of New York City has reached about 8.4675 million. New York is one of the three major financial centers in the world, as well as the economic, technological, trade, cultural, and media center of the United States. According to data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce, the GDP of New York City reached $830.07 billion in 2020 (comparable to 2012). According to industry calculations, in 2020, the output value of the information industry in New York City reached $150.5 billion, accounting for 18.1% of GDP; By region, among the five administrative districts of New York City, in 2020, Manhattan's GDP accounted for 73.5% of the city's GDP, and Manhattan's information industry output accounted for 94.6% of the city's information industry output. As a globally recognized smart and innovative city, New York City actively promotes the comprehensive deployment and upgrading of related infrastructure, and vigorously develops the new generation of information technology; As a top global technology ecosystem, New York City has over 9000 technology-based enterprises and employs nearly 400000 people. Its level of digital economy development ranks among the top in the world, greatly driving the overall economic development.

Overview of the Development of New York's Digital Economy

The development of the digital economy cannot be separated from the construction and upgrading of infrastructure. Over the years, New York City has actively invested in digital infrastructure, provided universal broadband, promoted digital literacy programs, and cultivated a cybersecurity ecosystem. The economy of New York City presents diversified characteristics, with traditional industries and emerging technology industries developing together. Typical digital economy industries such as the information industry, computer and electronic product manufacturing, and digital gaming industry are rapidly developing. At the same time, as New York City vigorously promotes technological innovation and builds a global technology innovation center, numerous unicorns and innovation companies gather here to establish research and development institutions and business centers, adding more strong impetus to the development of New York's digital economy.

（1） Development of Digital Infrastructure

According to the US Census Bureau, 90.8% of households in New York City had computers from 2016 to 2020, and 84.2% had broadband Internet subscriptions. Table 1 shows a comparison of relevant indicator data for New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, and San Francisco.

表1 纽约市、洛杉矶、波士顿、旧金山相关指标数据

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Table 1 Relevant Indicator Data for New York City, Los Angeles, Boston, and San Francisco

According to a survey by data aggregation company BroadbandNow, fiber optic availability in New York City has reached 85%, meaning that 85% of residents living in New York City can use residential fiber optic services, with approximately 92% of New York City residents being served by multiple cable providers. The average download speed in New York City is 115Mbps, in New York State it is 125Mbps, and in the United States it is 118Mbps. In terms of average upload speed, New York City is 57Mbps, New York State is 56Mbps, and the United States is 42Mbps (see Table 2). In 2021, the proportion of communities in New York City with three or more commercial fiber optic service options reached 94%; As of February 2022, the proportion of communities in New York City with free public Wi Fi service in commercial corridors was 42% (see Table 3).

Free public Wi Fi is crucial for building smart cities and will also help narrow the digital divide, promoting universal participation in the digital economy. The New York City government has taken various measures to continuously improve the coverage and standards of free Wi Fi throughout the city. In 2015, the then mayor of New York City released the "New York: A Strong and Just City Plan", which proposed the goal of free Wi Fi coverage in key public places in New York City by 2025. According to the report "Broadband Truth: Public Wi Fi in New York City" released by the Office of the Chief Technology Officer of New York City in May 2019, there are 20 different public Wi Fi providers located in 3555 locations throughout the city (excluding services provided on buses or ferries). In addition, New York City has excellent digital infrastructure, with typical facilities including NYC311 and LinkNYC. NYC311 was founded in 2003 as an online service platform in New York City, providing the public with quick and easy access to all New York City government services and information. LinkNYC is a free wireless communication Wi Fi program launched in New York City in 2014, replacing pay phones with information kiosks called Links. Each information kiosk will be equipped with free services such as high-speed Wi Fi, telephone, tablet for map lookup and access to city services, device charging, 911 emergency call button, etc. Currently, 1920 information kiosks have been installed in New York City (14 of which are the latest installations and will soon introduce Wi Fi). In July 2022, the Mayor of New York and the CEO of LinkNYC announced the launch of LinkNYC5G kiosks, with 90% of them prioritizing installation in areas lacking digital infrastructure to further bridge the digital divide. It is expected that approximately 2000 new LinkNYC5G kiosks will be deployed in New York City, bringing the entire LinkNYC network to approximately 4000 locations throughout the city.

表2 纽约市、纽约州和美国平均下载、上传速度对比

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Table 2 Comparison of average download and upload speeds between New York City, New York State, and the United States

表3 2019～2022年社区商业光纤服务、免费Wi-Fi服务情况

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Table 3: Community Commercial Fiber Optic Services and Free Wi Fi Services from 2019 to 2022

（2） Information industry

The definition of the digital economy by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the US Department of Commerce mainly includes three categories: infrastructure (including hardware and software), e-commerce, and pricing digital services. Typical digital economy industries such as the information industry have greatly promoted the development of the digital economy in New York City. In 2019, the output value of the information industry in New York City reached 144.1 billion US dollars, and in 2020, the output value of the information industry in New York City reached 150.5 billion US dollars. The proportion of the information industry to GDP increased from 16.4% in 2019 to 18.1% in 2020. In the past decade, the output value of the information industry has steadily increased (see Figure 1). In terms of total employment, the information industry employment in New York City reached 232000 in 2020, slightly lower than 2019 (237000), with employment mainly concentrated in Manhattan, reaching 194000. Overall, from 2010 to 2020, the total employment in the information industry showed a growth trend (see Figure 2), with an average annual growth rate of 2.2%. In terms of total income and per capita income, the total income of the information industry in 2020 was $57.86 billion, with a per capita income of $249000, and the per capita income in New York City was $82000. From 2010 to 2020, the per capita income growth in the information industry was relatively stable (see Figure 3), with an average annual growth rate of 6.8%.

Figure 1 Information Industry Output in New York City from 2010 to 2020

From the perspective of various sub industries of the information industry, according to the BEA definition of the digital economy, the information industry includes the publishing industry, the film and recording industry, the broadcasting industry, the telecommunications industry, Internet service providers and web search portals, data processing industry and information service industry. In recent years, the revenue and employee compensation of various sub industries have shown an increasing trend. In 2020, the industry with the highest income is the broadcasting industry (excluding the Internet), reaching 20.625 billion dollars, and the industry with the highest employee compensation is other information service industries, reaching 13.327 billion dollars (see Figure 4).

Figure 2: Trends in Employment and Growth Rate of the Information Industry in New York City from 2010 to 2020

Figure 3: Trends in Per Capita Income and Growth Rate of the Information Industry in New York City from 2010 to 2020

Figure 4: Revenue and Employee Compensation of the Five Major Segments of the Information Industry in New York City in 2020

1. Publishing industry (excluding the Internet)

According to BEA's personal income and income data of various industries by county, the income of New York City's publishing industry (excluding the Internet) will be about 8.338 billion dollars in 2019 and about 9.674 billion dollars in 2020. In the past decade, the industry's revenue has shown a relatively stable growth trend, increasing from 6.002 billion US dollars in 2010 to 9.674 billion US dollars in 2020. From a regional distribution perspective, the majority of the industry's revenue is concentrated in Manhattan, reaching $9.065 billion in 2020. The district with the lowest revenue in this industry is the Bronx, with a revenue of only about $14.06 million in 2020. In 2010, employee compensation in the industry was $5.967 billion, and in 2020, employee compensation increased to $9.347 billion. In 2020, the highest and lowest paid districts in the industry remained Manhattan and the Bronx, with salaries of $8.771 billion and $13.27 million, respectively.

2. Film and recording industry

Overall, in the past decade, the revenue of the film and recording industry has shown an upward trend, but in 2020, the industry's revenue slightly decreased compared to 2019. In 2019, the industry's revenue was 7.858 billion US dollars, which decreased to 7.508 billion US dollars in 2020. From the regional results, the highest revenue district for the industry in 2020 was Manhattan, reaching $7.043 billion, followed by Brooklyn at $388 million. In 2010, the salary of employees in this industry was 4.871 billion US dollars, which increased to 6.415 billion US dollars in 2020. In the past decade, the highest salary recorded in the industry was in 2019, reaching 6.834 billion US dollars.

3. Broadcasting industry (excluding the Internet)

In the past decade, the broadcasting industry (excluding the Internet) has developed rapidly. In 2010, the industry's revenue was 6.518 billion US dollars, and in 2020, it will grow to 20.625 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 12.2%. 2019 was the highest revenue year for the industry in a decade, at $20.915 billion. In 2010, the salary of employees in this industry was 3.717 billion US dollars, which increased to 6.143 billion US dollars in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of about 5.2%. By region, Manhattan recorded the highest income and employee compensation, far exceeding the sum of the other four districts.

4. Telecommunications industry

In the past decade, the revenue of the telecommunications industry has fluctuated, showing a slight downward trend overall. In 2010, the industry's revenue was 2.817 billion US dollars, and in 2020, it decreased to 2.645 billion US dollars. In 2020, the highest revenue district in the industry was Manhattan, at $1.641 billion, followed by Brooklyn at $446 million, and the lowest revenue district was the Bronx at only $140 million. In 2010, the salary of employees in the telecommunications industry was 2.624 billion US dollars, with a slight increase to 2.635 billion US dollars in 2020. In the past decade, the highest salary recorded for employees in the telecommunications industry was in 2016, reaching 3.246 billion US dollars, followed by 2017, reaching 3.007 billion US dollars. In 2020, among the five major administrative districts, Manhattan still had the highest employee salaries in the industry, reaching $1.635 billion, while Staten Island had the lowest, at only $54.054 million.

5. Other information services

In 2019, the revenue of other information service industries was 11.424 billion US dollars, which increased to 13.877 billion US dollars in 2020, with a growth rate of about 21.5%. Moreover, in the past decade, the industry has shown good growth momentum with annual revenue growth. The revenue in 2010 was 2.083 billion US dollars, and it has reached 13.877 billion US dollars in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 21%. This is mainly due to numerous well-known news conglomerates, publishing companies, and internet search giants in New York. The salary of employees in this industry has also continued to steadily and significantly increase. In 2010, the salary of employees was 2.068 billion US dollars, and in 2020, it increased significantly to 13.327 billion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of 20.5%. High salaries are mainly concentrated in Manhattan, reaching $12.86 billion in 2020.

（3） Computer and electronic product manufacturing

According to BEA's "New and Revised Statistics on the US Digital Economy from 2005 to 2020", the digital economy includes computer and electronic product manufacturing. In 2019, the industry's revenue reached 629 million US dollars, but decreased to 548 million US dollars in 2020. Overall, the industry's revenue has continued to show a growth trend in the past decade, increasing from $210 million in 2010 to $548 million in 2020. It is worth mentioning that from 2018 to 2019, the industry achieved the largest increase in revenue in nearly a decade, from $182 million in 2018 to $629 million in 2019, with an increase of about 246%. In 2020, the salary of employees in this industry reached 527 million US dollars, which is less than the 627 million US dollars in 2019. In addition, since 2015, Manhattan has surpassed Queens to become the district with the highest employee salaries in the industry.

（4） Digital gaming industry

According to the 2021 New York City Digital Gaming Industry Economic Impact Study by the New York City Department of Media and Entertainment, New York City is expected to become a leader in the digital gaming and esports industries. The digital gaming industry mainly includes game developers, publishers/developers, retail and arcade, professional and financial services, esports, as well as non-profit organizations and education. In 2020, the digital gaming industry provided over 7600 job opportunities for New York City, generating over $762 million in total wages and $2 billion in total economic output (revenue and self employment). Since 2008, the number of job positions in this industry has doubled, and on average, they are all high paying jobs; The average annual salary for professionals in this industry is $106000, while the city wide average annual salary is $93000.

In terms of indirect economic impact, the digital gaming industry has provided an additional 1500 jobs, $160 million in wages, and $356 million in economic output through transactions with suppliers in key sectors of the industry. In addition, the expenses incurred by workers directly or indirectly engaged in the industry in New York City further bring economic benefits, such as supporting an additional 1500 jobs, $113 million in wages, and $294 million in economic output. The auxiliary economic impact of this industry (attributed to tourism expenses related to participating in esports and digital gaming activities) is approximately $4 million per year.

（5） Unicorn and Sci Tech Innovation Enterprise

New York City's strong financial strength, well-developed infrastructure, diverse cultural atmosphere, and remarkable innovation capabilities have attracted numerous unicorns and science and technology innovation companies to settle here, further promoting the deep integration and development of the digital economy. The Hurun Research Institute's "2022 Global Unicorn List" lists non listed companies with a value of over 1 billion US dollars established after 2000. As of June 2022, there are a total of 1312 unicorn companies worldwide, distributed in 259 cities. The city with the most unicorn companies in the world is San Francisco, with a total of 176, followed by New York, with a total of 120. New York is also the fastest-growing city for unicorn companies in the United States. Table 4 shows the top ten cities in terms of the number of unicorn companies. New York City unicorn companies mainly involve industries such as software as a service, fintech, health technology, data analytics, cybersecurity, blockchain, etc. Eight out of the top 100 companies on the 2022 Global Unicorn List are headquartered in New York City (see Table 5).

表4 独角兽企业数量排名前十城市

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Table 4: Top Ten Cities by Number of Unicorn Enterprises

表5 “2022年中全球独角兽榜”TOP100总部位于纽约市公司名单

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Table 5 "2022 Global Unicorn List" TOP100 Companies Headquartered in New York City List

New York City is vigorously promoting the development of key technological innovations, with representative innovation platforms including Silicon Alley, Cornell Science Park, and the Brooklyn Tech Triangle. As a technology hub on the East Coast of the United States, Silicon Alley is located in Manhattan, New York, where numerous high-tech companies gather, becoming another major technology center in the United States after Silicon Valley. According to Crunchbase data, as of 2021, there were 25451 technology startups in New York City, an increase of 145% from a decade ago. In addition, tech giants such as Google, Apple, Amazon, Facebook, and others have increased their investments in New York. According to an analysis by the Bay Area Council's Economic Research Institute, as of 2020, Google's employment in New York had a direct economic impact of $7.9 billion and an additional indirect economic impact of $5.1 billion. The technology innovation industry in New York has formed a unique "East Coast model", which integrates technology innovation with advantageous industries to provide digital services and intelligent solutions for traditional industries such as media, culture, finance, business, and healthcare, helping traditional industries transform and upgrade to high-tech industries. The deep integration of digital technology and traditional advantageous industries will further promote the rapid development of the digital economy.

Analysis of the Competitiveness of New York's Digital Economy

According to our research group's "Global Digital Economy City Competitiveness Development Report (2022)", New York City scored 81.8 points in the overall ranking of 30 cities' digital economy competitiveness, successfully defending its title (see Table 6). The evaluation of global urban digital economy competitiveness mainly covers three indicators: economic and infrastructure competitiveness, digital talent competitiveness, and digital innovation competitiveness.

表6 全球城市数字经济竞争力排名前十情况

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Table 6 Top 10 Global Cities in Digital Economy Competitiveness Ranking

（1） Economic and Infrastructure Competitiveness

The competitiveness of economy and infrastructure mainly includes three sub indicators: urban economic activity, ICT penetration, and data openness. New York has performed outstandingly on this indicator, scoring 93.2 points, far exceeding last year's 77.8 points, ranking first among the top ten cities in the global digital economy competitiveness rankings (see Table 7).

表7 全球主要城市数字经济竞争力总体排名前十城市经济与基础设施竞争力情况

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Table 7 Overall ranking of the top ten cities in terms of digital economy competitiveness in the world's major cities, including their economic and infrastructure competitiveness

It is worth mentioning that New York City leads the world in open data. As of 2022, New York City's open data includes thousands of free datasets from city institutions. New York City has created 4136674015 rows of data on its open data website (NYC Open Data), including data from 94 government agencies. Every city institution and office must have an open data coordinator. The open data official website has been viewed 4161744 times, downloaded 1621870 times, API read 892155218 times (directly linked to real-time datasets), and 15073 personalized versions of open data created by users.

（2） Digital Talent Competitiveness

The competitiveness of digital talents is mainly reflected in three aspects: the main university index, the enrollment rate of higher education, and the proportion of population in higher education. New York City scored 67.5 points on this indicator, ranking third among the top ten cities in the global digital economy competitiveness, an improvement of two places compared to the previous year (see Table 8).

表8 全球主要城市数字经济竞争力总体排名前十城市数字人才竞争力情况

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Table 8 Overall ranking of the top ten cities in terms of digital economy competitiveness in major global cities and their digital talent competitiveness

According to data from the New York Department of Education, as of fall 2021, there were a total of 1859 schools, including 271 charter schools; In the 2021-2022 academic year, the largest school district in the United States, the New York City school system, had 1058888 students; The four-year graduation rate increased by 2.4 percentage points from 78.8% in August 2020 to 81.2% in August 2021, while the dropout rate decreased by 1.0 percentage point from 5.8% in August 2020 to 4.8% in August 2021. For the 2022-2023 academic year, the total budget of the Department of Education is $38 billion, with New York City providing 54%, New York State providing 36%, and the federal government and other sources providing 10%. According to the American Social Survey (ACS) data released by the U.S. Census Bureau (2016-2020), the proportion of people over 25 years old in New York City with a high school degree or above is 82.8%, and the proportion of people with a bachelor's degree or above is 39.1%. Table 9 shows the relevant data of cities with a population of more than one million in the United States: New York, Los Angeles and Houston.

表9 美国、纽约、洛杉矶、休斯敦人口和教育相关数据

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Table 9: Population and Education Related Data in the United States, New York, Los Angeles, and Houston

（3） Digital Innovation Competitiveness

The competitiveness of digital innovation mainly measures the intensity of urban research and development, the number of patent applications, and the depth of typical digital applications (such as healthcare, transportation, education, employment, etc.). New York City will continue to dominate this indicator in 2022, scoring 84.8 points (see Table 10).

New York City has invested heavily in research and development, actively building various types of research and development centers, such as the Cornell Science Park, the Center for Urban Science and Progress (CUSP), the first augmented reality and virtual reality (VR/AR) laboratory in the United States, the $1 billion LifeSci NYC program, and the $1.6 billion Science Park and Research Park (SPARC) in Kips Bay. In terms of typical digital applications, New York City has continuously strengthened the construction of smart city in recent years, vigorously upgraded digital infrastructure, and introduced a number of digital application strategies or plans, such as the New York City 2050 Strategic Plan, the New York City Internet Master Plan, and the New York City Internet of Things Strategy, to vigorously promote the deep integration of digital technology and medical, transportation, education, employment and other fields.

表10 全球主要城市数字经济竞争力总体排名前十城市数字创新竞争力情况

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Table 10 Overall ranking of digital economy competitiveness among the top ten cities in the world, and their digital innovation competitiveness

Three New York City policy initiatives to support the development of the digital economy

To support the development of the digital economy, the New York City government has introduced multiple policies, including upgrading digital infrastructure, further promoting data resource integration and open sharing, promoting technological innovation, and strengthening the city's position as a technology center.

（1） Policy measures to upgrade digital infrastructure

In April 2022, New York City released the "New York 2050 Strategic Plan -2022 Progress Report," which detailed relevant policy measures for digital infrastructure.

1. Achieve broadband popularization in the five major administrative regions

In May 2019, the Office of the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of New York City released "Broadband Truth: New York City Public Wi Fi," focusing on the coverage and standards of free Wi Fi, and proposing to further expand coverage and improve services. In January 2020, the Mayor's Office and the CTO's Office released the New York City Internet Master Plan, which aims to narrow the digital divide, promote economic expansion and improve public services in New York City, encourage and support companies of all sizes, including M/WBE, give priority to areas lacking broadband links, and provide them with high-performance and affordable broadband service options. In March 2021, the CTO Office launched the universal solicitation of broadband proposals with an investment of $157 million to end the digital red line restrictions and provide high-speed Internet. In the summer of 2021, the CTO office coordinated the launch of multiple new broadband providers for the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) development project across the city through a letter of intent request. In October 2021, New York City announced the shortlisted suppliers to support the implementation of this work, and expanded the new Internet service options to hundreds of thousands of underserved New Yorkers, including NYCHA residents. At the end of 2021, New York City began to provide free or low-cost Internet connectivity options for up to 40000 residents of NYCHA's 18 development projects. In addition, the CTO Office continued to cooperate with NYCHA, DFTA, T-Mobile and non-profit OATS to implement the 10000 tablet computer program, providing continuous Internet services for the elderly living in NYCHA Development Zone.

2. Expand the digital education program

The New York City Public Computing Centers (PCCs) have over 11000 free computer workstations located in more than 500 locations throughout the city. In addition to a variety of digital tools and resources, these centers provide over 21000 hours of open laboratory time and over 2500 hours of digital literacy training on various topics per week. Based on the experience of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, PCCs continue to provide connectivity and digital education programs for New Yorkers to assist them in further acquiring basic skills. In addition to maintaining innovation in virtual programming, PCCs cautiously open up to the public, offering a hybrid service model that includes outdoor program options, hotspot loan programs, and thousands of hours of training for customers and employees. The city government is expanding its digital training programs and resources focused on privacy and cybersecurity. Based on the progress made in providing online privacy and security training through PCCs, it will continue to provide New Yorkers with digital security tools and information, promote digital products with strong privacy protection capabilities, and increase citizen participation. In addition, through the "Connected Communities" project, the CTO office supports a range of projects and services in public libraries, community centers, media labs, and senior centers, such as providing mobile computer labs and hotspots for residents living in public housing with limited internet access, and offering hands-on learning opportunities from 3D design and software certification to digital security and security skills through the annual New York City Library Privacy Week event.

3. Establish and cultivate a network security ecosystem

The city government is collaborating with the city council to confirm the long-term organizational structure of the New York City Cyber Command (NYC3). NYC3 is working with city agencies to enhance network incident detection and response capabilities at the institutional and city level. NYC3 continues to establish and deepen cross departmental partnerships to promote more information sharing on cyber threats and risks, coordinate response efforts, and protect critical services and infrastructure in New York City. Establish a national alliance composed of local governments, academic institutions, and other entities to address cyber threats. The alliance will share relevant data and best practices, integrate crisis response plans, and conduct joint simulations of cyber attacks. Develop a rotation plan for public network security employees and learn from network security professionals in other cities to promote professional development and strengthen cooperation.

Protect small businesses and consumers from cyber threats. The NYCx Cybersecurity Lunar Challenge was launched in 2018 with the aim of exploring innovative and cost-effective solutions to protect small businesses from cyber attacks. In 2019, municipal government agencies made small business owners aware of affordable and user-friendly cybersecurity software and services, and launched technical training programs to help them install and deploy software. NYC3 will also use policies, standards, and legislative tools to strengthen the protection of small businesses. In February 2020, New York City and the state of New York, as well as cities such as Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Yonkers, jointly launched a new Joint Security Operations Center (JSOC), headquartered in Brooklyn, which will become the first center to coordinate cybersecurity efforts in New York State and help promote cooperation between cities, states, and federal entities.

Make New York City a global leader in cybersecurity. As part of New York City's "Network New York" initiative, we will create 10000 well paying cybersecurity jobs by 2030 and cultivate a thriving and inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that attracts companies from around the world. By collaborating with City University of New York, Columbia University, New York University, Cornell University of Technology, and others, we have launched an applied learning program to cultivate the next generation of network experts; Open up two world-class spaces - SOSA's global network center for Israeli enterprise innovation experts and Hub for Jerusalem risk partners NYC - used for network security planning, ecosystem development, technology demonstrations, and startup acceleration; Initiate and initiate cooperation between the Department of Education (DOE), the Economic Development Corporation, and NYC3 to provide cybersecurity education and vocational awareness training for schools under the DOE.

（2） Promote data resource integration and open policy measures

The New York 2050 Strategic Plan -2022 Progress Report proposes investing in the city's data infrastructure to achieve greater data integration and institutional collaboration, develop a wide range of platforms, products, and services, and enhance data sharing and integration capabilities supported by updated enterprise network architecture and infrastructure. In addition, the "New York City Open Data: 2022 Progress Report" lists 27 major initiatives in three major areas (see Tables 11-a, b, c), namely improving user experience, enhancing urban capacity, and building communities.

表11-a 2022年改善用户体验举措

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Table 11-a Measures to Improve User Experience in 2022

表11-b 2022年增强城市能力举措

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Table 11-b Measures to Enhance Urban Capacity in 2022

表11-c 2022年建设社区举措

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Table 11-c Community Construction Measures in 2022

（3） Encourage technological innovation and strengthen the position of New York City as a center for science and technology innovation

Since New York City proposed to become a global technology center city, successive mayors have formulated major policies to encourage technological innovation, strategically integrate emerging digital technologies with traditional advantageous industries, attract high-tech enterprises to settle in New York, and strengthen its position as a science and technology innovation center, laying a solid foundation for the growth and development of the digital economy (see Table 12).

Current New York City Mayor Eric Adams also strongly supports innovation, including supporting emerging industries, simplifying administrative processes related to businesses, and cultivating technology talent. In November 2021, Adams announced that he would accept the first three cryptocurrency salaries, which would be converted into Ethereum and Bitcoin, expressing his hope to make New York a center for cryptocurrency and other fintech innovations. In March 2022, Mayor Adams announced that the City University of New York (CUNY) would create and fund a Bachelor's degree program in Digital Game Design at the City College of New York (CCNY), and take measures to transform New York into a global hub for the digital game industry. In May of the same year, the mayor and governor announced the launch of a new "Blue Ribbon Group", focusing on investment space creation, future development of emerging industries, etc; The mayor announced reforms to 118 city regulations to alleviate the burden on small businesses. In June, the mayor outlined the vision of the "City of Yes" and implemented three major amendments, including supporting small businesses and accelerating urban economic recovery. Starting from the Bronx and Brooklyn, plans were made to establish next-generation economic centers in all five boroughs, while taking measures to reduce "red tape" while investing in communities and focusing on equity. In October, the mayor announced a comprehensive reform of the capital process, including improving project pipelines, simplifying approvals, and managing projects more effectively to ensure more convenient and rapid project delivery; The mayor signed two bills to create a "one-stop business portal" that provides all applications, permits, licenses, and other documents required to open and operate businesses in New York City.

表12 历任市长鼓励科创政策

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Table 12: Policies Encouraging Science and Technology Innovation by Former Mayors

Overall Outlook for the Development of New York's Digital Economy

In March 2022, the Mayor of New York City released the Economic Recovery Blueprint "Rebuilding, Updating, Reshaping: The New York City Economic Recovery Blueprint," outlining the Mayor's vision for the city's economic recovery and future. According to this vision, the future development of the digital economy in New York City will present the following four major trends.

（1） Cultivate more versatile technology talents

For the New York City government, the top priority related to the technology industry is the cultivation and reserve of technology talents. The government urgently needs to cooperate with the industry and utilize local diversified talents to meet the growing demand for labor. According to the blueprint for New York's economic recovery, the tech workforce in New York City is currently unable to adapt to the diversity of the city's economy, especially in terms of management, investors, and entrepreneurial communities. The municipal government will collaborate with the industry to formulate an overall strategy and develop a strong local K-16 and adult labor technical talent pipeline to meet industry demands. In addition, New York City will also help establish more excellent technology companies, leveraging the entrepreneurial potential of the city's minority and immigrant population (which accounts for over half of the city's population), by expanding programs such as "Venture Fellows" to provide training, peer networks, and other resources for founders, helping them overcome systemic barriers in fundraising and network building.

（2） Expand partnerships in the technology industry

With the continuous growth of the technology industry in New York City, it is necessary to strengthen the necessary infrastructure construction to cultivate diverse talents and meet the huge demand for short-term and long-term technology talents. To achieve this goal, New York City will collaborate with employer partners to develop and expand training and education programs that employers understand and validate. New York City will also deepen its partnerships with the industry by developing an inclusive technology advisory committee that will identify specific and practical ways for employers, government, and educators to better collaborate and prepare and provide a platform for more New Yorkers to access open technology jobs. New York City will also collaborate with the industry to identify effective technology training providers and support them in expanding their scale to cover more groups. Similarly, New York City will make better use of technology itself, as well as blended/distance education, to provide services to communities and regions that have underinvested in workforce planning for career readiness, thereby helping individuals interested in pursuing technical careers overcome geographical and transportation barriers.

（3） Promote New York to become a leading center for digital game development

In 2021, the sales revenue of the global digital gaming industry reached 180 billion US dollars, exceeding the total of the global film and North American sports industries. In order to support businesses in the industry and help attract new companies, New York City will establish an industry committee to provide recommendations for the city's policies and plans in the field of game development, and to provide marketing support for both self-made and local game creators in New York City.

The City University of New York (CUNY) will create and fund a Bachelor's degree program in Digital Game Design at the City College of New York (CCNY) to transform New York into a global hub for the digital gaming industry. The establishment of a Bachelor's degree in Game Design is expected to promote inclusive growth and provide college students with an employment option in the rapidly developing digital gaming industry and related fields. The Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment (MOME) will collaborate with the City College of New York to jointly establish this degree. MOME has invested a total of $2 million in CUNY's career path program, which includes funding for a Bachelor's degree in Digital Game Design aimed at reaching over 1000 students over the next three years while enhancing diversity and fairness in the digital gaming field. This comprehensive project has opened up a path from high school to the digital gaming industry through collaboration with Urban Arts and Harlem Science Gallery of Science. This new funding will be extended to new high school students in Title I funded schools, providing them with vocational opportunities in technical fields such as college courses and game design. In addition, New York City will collaborate with NYC&Company to attract esports events to five administrative districts.

（4） Strengthen and diversify the film and television industry

In 2019, the film and television industry in New York City provided over 185000 job opportunities and created a total economic output of over $82 billion. To ensure that the film and television industry returns to pre pandemic levels, this city will establish an industry committee to provide recommendations for the city's production policies and plans; Issuing an administrative order requiring every institution to have a production industry liaison; Marketing and promoting the importance of this industry to the identity and local economy of New York City; Continue to work closely with the New York City Police Department (NYPD) and the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) to support city wide filming; Collaborate with industry partners and non-profit organizations to develop diverse talent channels for the industry; By connecting with institutions in the field, help small businesses grow and thrive. In addition, to support the sustained demand for creative space, New York City will continue to invest in studio and studio facilities throughout the city, constructing or renovating nearly one million square feet of production and related space at the Brooklyn Naval Shipyard and the "Made in New York" campus at Bush Pier.