The CIIE is the world's first national level exhibition with an import theme, integrating diplomacy, exhibitions, and forums. Through proactive opening up, it drives global openness, expands the supply of high-end products, and meets the needs of people for a better life. How to leverage the home advantage of the world's first CIIE to build the Hongqiao Business District into a trading display platform for Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta, and Chinese enterprises to "buy globally" and "sell globally"? How to showcase the advantages of regional business centers and global commodity trade port locations to global merchants? How to enhance the urban influence of "Shanghai services, Shanghai manufacturing, Shanghai shopping, and Shanghai culture" through the three major functions of "big exhibition", "big business", and "big transportation"?

Problem analysis: China International Import Expo and Hongqiao Business District

（1） The spillover effect of the CIIE needs to be improved

In terms of the effects of the CIIE, the spillover effects of government led exhibitions are mainly reflected in the "brand effect" of increasing urban influence, the "platform effect" of global high-end resource aggregation, and the "bridge effect" of institutional integration with the international community. The main goals of the long-term mechanism construction of the CIIE are to improve the radiation effect, precise docking, and effective linkage of functional platforms, carry out high-level institutional innovation, take the CIIE as an opportunity to drive the construction of an international first-class exhibition cluster in the Hongqiao area, and promote higher quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta (Li Feng, Lu Liping, 2019).

（2） The bottleneck in the development of Hongqiao Business District needs to be overcome

The problem of "strong industry and weak city" and "lack of integration between industry and city" has not been solved for a long time

In terms of regional management, Hongqiao Business District does not have independent administrative jurisdiction due to its involvement in multiple administrative regions, and there are problems of fragmented and multi headed management. The mismatch between administrative and financial powers has resulted in the Hongqiao Business District being constrained by other administrative regions in terms of spatial planning, functional layout, public resource allocation, and industrial layout.

In terms of regional development, there are many "dead end roads" in Hongqiao Business District, and the connection between the road network of each area and the main functional area is relatively weak. The road traffic capacity between it and the central urban area is also relatively limited. The external collection and distribution road traffic mainly relies on Yan'an Road Elevated (urban direction), G50, G42, S20, Outer Ring Road, Shanghai Qingping Highway, etc. Most roads are congested in daily traffic, and the traffic congestion during large exhibitions is even more severe.

In regional planning, the focus is on resolving the contradiction between development and transportation, and minimizing the pressure of traffic and pedestrian flow in the central urban area. By promoting industrial restructuring and upgrading industrial levels, advancing new urbanization and urban-rural integration, the Hongqiao Business District will be transformed into a vibrant new urban area where industry, city, and people coexist harmoniously, and the overall spatial layout of Shanghai will be improved. The South Hongqiao, West Hongqiao, and North Hongqiao areas have achieved complementary positioning, promoting the coordinated development of each area (Huang Liang, Wang Zhen, Chen Zhongyu, 2016).

2. Public facilities are still in the hardware construction stage, with inadequate services and severe traffic congestion

As a newly built or under construction business district, Hongqiao Business District has a relatively large supply of buildings in the short term, but the population density in residential, office, and commercial areas is still low. The intersection of four districts requires coordination of the rights, responsibilities, and interests of multiple administrative districts. Residential, commercial, leisure, and entertainment facilities for daily life are incomplete, and the professionalization and diversification of productive service functions need to be improved. As a comprehensive large-scale transportation hub integrating aviation, railway, long-distance passenger transportation, and rail transit, Hongqiao Business District has a maximum daily passenger flow distribution of 1.1 million to 1.4 million people, with convenient long-distance transportation. However, there are not many local buses in the four sections of Hongqiao District, and the "last mile" transportation problem still needs to be solved. During peak traffic hours, road congestion is severe and parking is difficult. In order to cope with the large passenger flow during the CIIE, we coordinated the parking lots of core area enterprises, adopted measures such as staggered parking and shared parking, increased the supply of parking spaces, and alleviated the problem of parking difficulties.

3. The industrial linkage effect and regional integration effect of the exhibition industry still need to be improved

The National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai), the main venue of the CIIE, is the world's largest convention and exhibition center. Its functional positioning is to gather international convention and exhibition resources, enhance the level of Shanghai International Convention and Exhibition Center, radiate the Yangtze River Delta through a trade service platform, and serve the whole of China. The relocation of the Shanghai Auto Show from Pudong Shanghai New International Expo Center to the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) in Hongqiao Business District in 2015 indicates that the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) has a comparative cost advantage compared to the Everbright Convention and Exhibition Center and Pudong Shanghai New International Expo Center. The exhibition industry has a demand driven effect on industries such as transportation, warehousing, logistics, and business services. Given the high saturation rate of warehousing in the Hongqiao area, neighboring cities in the Yangtze River Delta with lower land costs and convenient transportation, such as Kunshan, Jiaxing, and Taicang, can be considered as expansion areas for warehousing services.

（3） The home advantage of Hongqiao Business District in the CIIE needs to be strengthened

The home advantage originates from competitive matches, meaning that home sports teams are more likely to win. The factors that affect the home win rate mainly include audience size, competitive balance, and level of integrity (Chen Liang, Li Rong, Jiang Hua, 2018). The Hongqiao Business District utilizes the advantage of hosting the China International Import Expo to deepen the functions of the development zone, which helps to reduce the transaction costs of institutional innovation and incentivize local governments to engage in jurisdictional competition. From the perspective of long-term mechanisms, the home advantage still needs to be further strengthened in the following two aspects: the agglomeration effect of development zones (the knowledge spillover and technological progress mechanism of enterprise and population agglomeration) and the selection effect (the survival of the fittest mechanism of market competition).

In the identification of agglomeration and selection effects in development zones, both agglomeration and selection effects significantly improve the productivity level of development zones compared to non development zones; The productivity advantage of enterprises in the development zone mainly comes from agglomeration effects, but the duration is very short and basically disappears after three years. The selection effect formed based on institutional and policy preferences is the main reason for the long-term maintenance of productivity advantages in development zones; Private, small-scale, and young inefficient enterprises benefit more from agglomeration effects, which means that development zones not only improve resource allocation efficiency, but also serve as incubators for private small and medium-sized enterprises (Wang Yongjin and Zhang Guofeng, 2016).

In terms of agglomeration effect, after non development zone enterprises become development zone enterprises, their scale significantly expands. However, the growth scale is closely related to the heterogeneity of development zone level, enterprise life cycle, and industry factor intensity. Among them, "policy effect" and "agglomeration effect" are important transmission mechanisms for the impact of development zones on enterprise growth and scale expansion (Li Ben, Wu Lihua, 2018).

In terms of selection effect, development zones are more likely to be established in areas with high industry development levels, and policy effects have an impact on improving productivity for enterprises. Compared to enterprises with relative advantages in productivity and those with relative disadvantages in productivity, policies have a greater impact on the productivity improvement of enterprises with relative advantages. The policy effect will not always exist, and the trend of productivity comparative advantage changing with policy implementation time is that it first increases and then decreases overall, showing an inverted "V" shape. Relatively disadvantaged enterprises leverage policy spillover effects and learning effects to leverage their latecomer advantages and gradually catch up with dominant enterprises (Hu Haoran, 2018).

Second home advantage: Hongqiao Business District, as the center of the CIIE

By leveraging the home advantage of the CIIE, we aim to enhance the global resource aggregation and allocation capabilities of the Hongqiao Business District. Build Hongqiao International Open Hub through high-end business, international exhibitions, and intelligent transportation. Through global value chains, big data, and regional Internet of Things, we aim to lead the higher quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. The central business district serves the central city and drives the upgrading of industries in surrounding urban clusters. Based on the advantages of a relaxed institutional environment, division of labor and specialization, dynamic comparative benefits, and strong platform carrying capacity, the central business district has become a central area that attracts high-end elements of modern service economy such as talent, capital, technology, information, and creativity. On the contrary, the central business district generates polarization and diffusion effects through platform services, further promoting division of labor and specialized development, improving transaction conditions, and driving urbanization and urban agglomeration development.

（1） The trade attraction of the CIIE has been enhanced, and exhibitors have advantages in proximity and scale

The total exhibition area of the second CIIE in 2019 was 330000 square meters, an increase of 20% compared to the first CIIE in 2018. On the theme of the exhibition, there are five permanent sections (equipment, consumption, food, health, and services) and seven exhibition areas (service trade exhibition area, automobile exhibition area, equipment exhibition area, food and agricultural product exhibition area, technology and life exhibition area, quality life exhibition area, medical equipment and healthcare exhibition area). Compared with the first CIIE, the elderly care section has been added and an outdoor exhibition area has been added. More than 3000 companies from over 150 countries and regions have signed up to participate in the exhibition, covering an area of 47500 square meters. 500000 professional buyers and visitors have registered, an increase of 100000 compared to 2018. Based on the standard of origin, the number and proportion of exhibitors and exhibits from various countries or regions are counted (see Table 1). It is found that the proportion of exhibitors and exhibits from Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China, China, which are close to each other in space, rank among the top ten. Developed countries with larger economic scales, such as Germany, the United States, and Italy, rank among the top ten in terms of the proportion of exhibitors and exhibits. Australia and New Zealand, due to their strong trade complementarity with China, both rank in the top ten in terms of the proportion of exhibitors and exhibits. The ranking of the proportion of exhibits is higher than that of exhibitors. A scatter plot was created by comparing the spatial distance from each capital or region to Beijing and the 2018 GDP with the proportion of the top ten exhibitors before the second CIIE. It was found that the distance was negatively correlated with the proportion of exhibitors; The economic scale represented by GDP in 2018 is positively correlated with the proportion of exhibitors, indicating that the trade attraction formed by the CIIE has neighboring and scale advantages for exhibitors (see Figure 1).

表1 第二届进博会前十位参展商和参展展品的国际比较

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Table 1 International Comparison of Ten Exhibitors and Their Exhibits Before the Second CIIE

Figure 1: Neighbor advantages and scale advantages of the ten exhibitors before the CIIE

（2） The expansion of the free trade zone, with Pudong on the east wing facing the ocean and Hongqiao on the west wing facing the Yangtze River Delta, flying together

The first pilot free trade zone in China (hereinafter referred to as the Free Trade Zone) was established in Shanghai in September 2013, with Shanghai Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone as the core, supplemented by the Airport Free Trade Zone and Yangshan Port Lingang New City, adopting a special regulatory system for domestic and foreign customs, covering an area of 28.78 square kilometers. In March 2015, the Shanghai Free Trade Zone was expanded for the first time, including the Lujiazui Financial Zone, Zhangjiang High tech Zone, and Jinqiao Development Zone, covering an area of 120.72 square kilometers, with the location boundary still within Pudong New Area.

1. Establish a new zone in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone and strengthen the pilot reform of financial services

According to the Global Competitiveness Report and Global Trade Promotion Report released by the World Economic Forum, the degree of investment and trade facilitation in China has significantly improved from 2010 to 2017. Further improving customs clearance efficiency and financial service efficiency is an important area for the Shanghai Free Trade Zone to play a pioneering role. From the perspective of port efficiency, the average scores for railway, aviation, and port infrastructure quality are 4.74, 4.65, and 4.5 points, respectively, with compound annual growth rates of 1.58%, 1.55%, and 0.97%, respectively. From the perspective of customs management efficiency, unconventional payment efficiency has improved the fastest, and the score of customs clearance efficiency has not changed much. From the perspective of financial and e-commerce efficiency, China's Internet users scored a compound annual growth rate of 9.33%, which was much faster than other secondary indicators. The compound annual growth rates of accessibility and payment capacity of financial services are -0.63% and -0.62%, respectively.

2. Establish a new Shanghai Free Trade Zone zone and increase the innovation of the free trade zone system

According to the "Blue Book on the Development of China's Pilot Free Trade Zones (2017-2018)" (Li Shanmin, 2018), the "2017-2018 China Pilot Free Trade Zone Institutional Innovation Index" is calculated. Among the 23 zones in the 11 free trade zones, the top ten in terms of overall institutional innovation are: Qianhai Shekou Zone, Shanghai Free Trade Zone, Nansha Zone, Tianjin Free Trade Zone, Xiamen Zone, Hengqin Zone, Wuhan Zone, Fuzhou Zone, Chengdu Zone, and Chongqing Free Trade Zone. Compared to the Nansha area, which ranks first overall, Shanghai's comparative advantage lies in financial innovation, ranking first in financial innovation indicators. The Nansha area, relying on Shenzhen's innovation capabilities and the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, ranks first in trade facilitation, and ranks among the top in indicators such as financial innovation, government function transformation, and rule of law construction (see Figure 2).

Figure 2 Overall scores of institutional innovation index for each area of the first and second batches of free trade zones

3. Establish a new Shanghai Free Trade Zone area to enhance Shanghai's global resource allocation capability

As of the end of June 2018, the cumulative number of newly established enterprises in the Shanghai Free Trade Zone is equivalent to 1.5 times the total number in the first 20 years of its establishment; The proportion of newly established foreign-funded enterprises has reached 20%, while in the initial stage of listing, the proportion was only 5%. With 10% of the land area in Pudong New Area, it has created 75% of the GDP and 60% of the total trade volume in Pudong New Area. With 2% of the land area in Shanghai, it has created 25% of the GDP and 40% of the total trade volume in Shanghai. The expansion of Shanghai Free Trade Zone aims to test the reform of government administrative management system in a larger area, align with international standards, efficiently participate in global economic competition, and enhance Shanghai's global urban functions.

4. Hongqiao Business District started relatively late, and compared with Pudong in the east wing facing the ocean, Hongqiao in the west wing facing the Yangtze River Delta has a lower agglomeration level

图3 建设上海东西两翼齐飞的开放空间格局

Figure 3: Constructing an open space pattern where the east and west wings of Shanghai fly together

Before the expansion of Hongqiao Business District in 2019, the total area was 86.6 square kilometers, located at the junction of Minhang, Changning, Jiading, and Qingpu districts (see Figure 3). It has been ten years since the establishment of the Hongqiao Business District Management Committee in 2009. The core development zone covers an area of 4.7 square kilometers and has 2600 settled enterprises. Taking advantage of the core functional area of "headquarters economy", it has gathered more than 100 multinational company headquarters, regional headquarters, and listed companies. The National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai), which serves as the venue for the CIIE, covers an area of 1 square kilometer, with 346 buildings built in the remaining 3.7 square kilometer area. As a business district facing the Yangtze River Delta and located at the intersection of the four districts, both the four districts of Hongqiao and Jiangsu and Zhejiang are developing advanced manufacturing and modern service industries, supporting entrepreneurship and innovation. Due to the convergence of industrial structures and fierce market competition, it is not conducive to leveraging their respective comparative advantages and cultivating inter regional complementary advantages. Therefore, the agglomeration and diffusion level of Hongqiao Business District is relatively low.

（3） Expansion of Hongqiao Business District amplifies the radiation effect of the central city

The spatial structure of Hongqiao area is a "1+3+N" central system, where "1" is the sub center of Hongqiao main city; '3' refers to three regional centers, including the South Hongqiao, North Hongqiao, and East Hongqiao regional centers; N "refers to setting up N community centers according to the standard of a 15 minute community life circle. Under the static general equilibrium framework, the theory of central places describes the level, scale, and distribution patterns of central places that provide various goods and services within the threshold of resident demand. The different levels of distribution around the center have the following characteristics: ① The level of goods and services provided by the center determines its level; ② The level of the central area determines the quantity, scale, distribution pattern, and service scope of the central area; ③ The level of a central area is inversely proportional to its quantity and distribution, and directly proportional to its service area; ④ Different levels of central areas form a central area system, and under the dominance of market principles, transportation principles, and administrative principles, the central area network presents a differentiated structure arranged according to different K values (see Table 2).

表2 市场、交通和行政原则下中心地系统的比较分析

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Table 2 Comparative analysis of central place systems under market, transportation, and administrative principles

In order to amplify the radiation and driving effect of the central area of the business district, Hongqiao Business District was expanded in 2019 to achieve coordinated regional development planning, industrial functions, transportation infrastructure, construction standards, and policy management. The phased goal of refinement is to gather high-level trading entities and functional platforms by 2022, form several modern industrial and economic clusters, and become an important engine for driving high-quality regional economic development.

表3 虹桥主城片区和拓展区面积对比

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Table 3 Comparison of Area between Hongqiao Main City Area and Expansion Area

Three functional positioning: Hongqiao standard of international central business district

The Hongqiao Business District leverages the spillover effect of the China International Import Expo to upgrade its hub functions of serving the Yangtze River Delta, connecting with national strategies, and linking with the international community, with the aim of building an international open hub, an international central business district, and a new platform for international trade centers. How to leverage the home advantage of the world's first CIIE to build Hongqiao Business District into a trading display platform for Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta, and Chinese enterprises to "buy globally" and "sell globally"? How to leverage the three major functions of "big exhibition", "big business" and "big transportation" to form the Hongqiao standard of an international central business district? How to leverage the central advantages of the international central business district and the new platform advantages of the international trade center to create the Hongqiao International Open Hub?

（1） International Open Hub

Relying on the function of major transportation, leveraging the efficient radiation effect of Hongqiao transportation hub, and leveraging the service function of Hongqiao International Aviation, linking the Yangtze River Delta airport cluster, connecting Pudong Airport and the rail transit system of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui. In terms of external transportation, we will leverage the division of labor and cooperation among regional airport clusters to expand international shipping service functions. By leveraging the main railway lines of Shanghai Suzhou Lake, Beijing Kunming, and Beijing Shanghai, as well as the intercity railway network of Hongqiao Hub, we will collaborate with the Yangtze River Delta intercity service to directly connect and radiate to other urban agglomerations. By 2035, the 1-hour transportation circle centered around Hongqiao hub will cover over 60% of county-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Delta. In terms of rail transit, the public transportation system is dominated by rail transit, ensuring the principle of prioritizing public transportation. Public transportation accounts for 50% of all modes of transportation, and the coverage rate of 600 meter rail transit stations in the main urban area reaches 70% (Minhang District Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, 2019). In terms of road network system, it is planned to construct a "seven horizontal and six vertical" main road network system, with a total road network density of not less than 8km/km².

Compared to Hongqiao Airport and Pudong Airport, Pudong Airport has a clear advantage in terms of aviation hub size, but the passenger and freight transportation structures and their changing trends of the two airports are different. In terms of growth rate, the passenger throughput of both airports is growing faster than the cargo and mail throughput, and the passenger scale growth rate of Pudong Airport is significantly faster than that of Hongqiao Airport. From the fluctuation trend, airport throughput has a significant seasonal effect, with a low trough during the Spring Festival each year. Due to the impact of outbound tourism during holidays, the peak passenger volume at Pudong Airport often occurs during the summer vacation period; Affected by the "Golden Week" domestic tourism during the National Day holiday, the peak passenger volume at Hongqiao Airport mostly occurs in October. From the perspective of passenger and freight throughput structure, Pudong Airport holds a similar position as a hub for both passengers and cargo, while Hongqiao Airport places more emphasis on its passenger hub function (see Figure 4). From the perspective of normal flight clearance rates, during the summer and autumn seasons when there are more sudden weather events, the normal clearance rates of both airports decrease, and the seasonal fluctuations are consistent. Since 2013, the normal clearance rate of Hongqiao Airport has generally been higher than that of Pudong Airport (see Figure 5).

Figure 4 Monthly passenger and cargo throughput of Hongqiao Airport and Pudong Airport

Figure 5 Monthly Flight Normal Release Rate between Hongqiao Airport and Pudong Airport

（2） International Central Business District

Relying on the functions of large-scale commerce, leveraging high-end commerce and convenient business services, gathering business resources from the Yangtze River Delta, the whole country, and the world, building a world-class business district, gathering local multinational companies, overseas multinational companies, and regional headquarters. Compared to the agglomeration scale of e-commerce enterprises, Shanghai lags behind Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in the Yangtze River Delta, and among the three major economic growth poles, it lags behind Guangdong and Beijing (see Figure 6); In turn, this shows that the hub service function of Shanghai center has more radiating driving effect and driving force for upgrading in the Yangtze River Delta and the three growth poles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to leverage the internationalization upgrade of Hongqiao Business District, provide high-quality business environment and public services, attract high-end advantageous enterprises, and formulate Hongqiao standards for ecological livability and high-quality urban renewal.

Figure 6 Comparison of E-commerce Enterprises: Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang

In terms of the standards for characteristic parks, we will implement the "one place, one policy, one floor, one case" policy, and construct characteristic parks such as Hongqiao Airport Economic Demonstration Zone, Fortune Global 500 Enterprise Headquarters Park, Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, West Hongqiao Beidou Navigation Industry Innovation Base, Hongqiao Brand (Trademark) Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, Hongqiao International Enterprise Innovation Center, and Shanghai International New Cultural and Creative Esports Center.

In terms of business service standards, we cooperate with the Shanghai United Property Rights Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange to connect enterprises with the capital market and property rights trading market, and provide services for enterprise listing and international mergers and acquisitions; Through industry alliances and industry funds, promote the integration of industrial chains, and encourage the development of key industries such as satellite positioning, aviation services, artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, big data, big health and healthcare, and green finance.

In terms of high-end commercial standards, we will take the lead in piloting the "buy and refund" departure tax rebate, creating a new landmark leading high-end consumption, constructing a center for the release and display of mid to high end consumer goods, a new product release center, and brand agency headquarters, and building an international consumer experience center and a globally renowned brand regional consumption center.

In terms of industrial and urban planning standards, relying on the three major innovation corridors of Shanghai Nanjing, Shanghai Hu, and Shanghai Hangzhou, we will leverage the central agglomeration and radiation functions within a 20 kilometer radius of the main urban area of Hongqiao; Relying on the bus oriented development model, we will coordinate the integrated and integrated functions of the business district within a 10 kilometer radius of the main urban area of Hongqiao, taking into account the efficiency of public service facility supply and service coverage; Relying on the "1+3+N" central system, taking into account the complementary advantages of leading industries and the complex location service functions, the layout is compact (see Table 4). The sub center of Hongqiao's main city gathers high-end commercial and exhibition functions, undertaking hub functions facing the international and Yangtze River Delta regions. Based on the diversified positioning of each area, it leads the center's positioning and builds a diverse and dynamic regional center (see Table 5).

表4 虹桥商务区“1+3+N”中心体系

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Table 4 Hongqiao Business District "1+3+N" Center System

表5 虹桥商务区三个地区中心的区位分工、产业布局和交通配套

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Table 5 Location division, industrial layout, and transportation support of the three regional centers in Hongqiao Business District

（3） New International Trade Center Platform

Rely on the function of grand exhibition, give full play to the advantages of the main venue of the Expo, take advantage of the grand exhibition platform of the whole industrial chain of "high-end commerce - exhibition forum - brand activities - cultural tourism", connect with emerging trade platforms such as professional services, overseas investment and digital trade, connect with the linkage of the trade, tourism, sports and industry of the Expo, connect with high-end permanent brand activities and fashion consumption exhibitions, such as the World Crafts Industry Expo, the "the Belt and Road" famous products exhibition, Shanghai International Convention and Exhibition Month, improve supporting service facilities and international business environment, and build a cluster of high-quality business activities. Shanghai's exhibition industry has outstanding advantages and maintains sustained and steady growth. From the comprehensive index of urban exhibition industry development from 2013 to 2018, Shanghai is far ahead in both the first tier city matrix and the core cities of the Yangtze River Delta (see Figure 7). From the development of Shanghai's exhibition industry from 2012 to 2018, the exhibition area grew rapidly, thanks to the spillover effect of the China International Import Expo, and the number of exhibitions increased rapidly in 2018 (see Figure 8).

Figure 7 Comprehensive Development Index of Urban Exhibition Industry

Figure 8 Development of Shanghai's Convention and Exhibition Industry: Exhibition Area and Number of Exhibitions

Four aggregation mechanisms: learning, matching, and sharing

（1） Using learning mechanisms to amplify the polarization and radiation effects of Hongqiao Business District

From the perspective of growth pole theory, Hongqiao Business District gathers high-end elements necessary for modern service industry, generates polarization and diffusion effects through the new platform of central business district and international trade center, improves transaction efficiency and trade investment facilitation level, and promotes urbanization and urban agglomeration development. The impact of the growth pole on regional economic development is mainly transmitted through two paths, namely the polarization effect of the growth pole itself and the radiation effect of the integration between the growth pole and the surrounding regions.

From the perspective of the growth pole effect of the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, Hongqiao Business District, as a regional integration demonstration zone, fully leverages the growth pole effect and radiation effect, and drives regional integration in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, and beyond through innovation and industrial chains; Fully leverage the role of the growth pole talent highland and its spillover effects, driving the flow and sharing of high-end talents in the one hour transportation circle of the Yangtze River Delta; Give full play to the demonstration effect of high-quality ecological and living environment growth, and overall enhance the centripetal force of surrounding areas gathering enterprises.

From the perspective of the integrated growth pole effect of Hongqiao Business District, the total industrial output value of Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone fluctuates in the same trend as the main business income and export delivery value. The contribution rate of export delivery value to the main business income is over 30%, and the tax contribution is stable. Except for 2016, the total profit exceeds the tax, showing a benign growth trend of trade driven and sustained surplus (see Figure 9).

Figure 9 Economic Development Trend of Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone

（2） Utilizing the matching mechanism to leverage the exhibition platform effect of Hongqiao Business District

From the perspective of the exhibition economy and the leading industries in the post industrial society, the Central Business District in the Internet era, through the combination of online and offline new platform services, together with intelligent transportation, logistics supply chain systems and convenient customs clearance, attracts cross-border service trade and cross-border e-commerce enterprise headquarters to gather in space, which is conducive to acquiring knowledge and giving play to the spillover effect of information space.

According to relevant data from MaiGou website, statistical calculations have shown that, based on the development foundation of Shanghai's exhibition industry before the CIIE, there were over 280 important international exhibitions in 2017, covering 40 themes. The top five exhibitions were Machinery Industry (9.93%), Food and Beverage (8.16%), Building Materials and Hardware (7.09%), Healthcare (5.32%), and Printing and Packaging (4.96%). The top five theme exhibitions accounted for 35.46% of all important international exhibitions, exceeding one-third.

From the scale and composition of the main exhibition halls during the two CIIEs, the Shanghai New International Expo Center located in Pudong New Area ranked first. In 2018, there were 94 important international exhibitions, with the top five themes being building materials and hardware, food and beverage, machinery industry, steel metallurgy, and real estate and home furnishings; In 2019, the number of themes increased to 107, with the top five themes being machinery industry, food and beverage, building materials and hardware, steel metallurgy, and printing and packaging.

The National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) located in Hongqiao Business District ranks second, with 40 important international exhibitions in 2018. The top five themes are machinery industry, textile machinery, chemical rubber and plastic, building materials and hardware, and automotive and motorcycle parts; In 2019, the number of themes increased to 44, with the top five themes being machinery industry, textile machinery, food and beverage, building materials and hardware, and healthcare.

The Shanghai World Expo Exhibition and Convention Center, located in Pudong New Area, ranks third with 23 important international exhibitions in 2018 and 19 in 2019. The top two themes in terms of proportion are clothing and accessories, electronics and power, while the exhibition themes tied for third include entrepreneurship and franchising, machinery industry, and food and beverage.

（3） Utilizing the sharing mechanism to leverage the agglomeration effect of high-end service industries in Hongqiao Business District

From the perspective of cluster theory, high-end service industry cluster has the function of global economic coordination and allocation, and the central business district in the Internet era has promoted the upgrading of regional central cities to international central cities. By leveraging global value chains, big data analysis, and regional IoT, we aim to drive industrial upgrading in urban clusters.

In terms of the internal circle structure of Hongqiao Business District, the permanent population of the main urban area is about 434000, with exhibition passenger flow of 80000 to 100000 during peak hours and 300000 to 400000 during peak hours. Among the six major areas, the core area focuses on serving as a high-end business and transportation hub for the Yangtze River Delta, both internationally and nationally; The airport area focuses on high value-added service functions such as airport design and transactions; Xihongqiao focuses on leading trade and consumption functions based on large-scale exhibitions; Nanhongqiao focuses on pioneering innovative demonstration functions in public services; North Hongqiao focuses on innovation and entrepreneurship functions; Donghong Bridge focuses on high-end aviation service functions (Minhang District Planning and Natural Resources Bureau, 2019).

In terms of cross jurisdictional spatial structure and output value comparison, the main urban area of Hongqiao covers an area of 86 square kilometers, with the core area occupying 4.7 square kilometers and the expansion area covering 64.8 square kilometers. As of December 2019, the total number of headquarters enterprises in Hongqiao Business District has reached 289, including 16 investment entities from Fortune 500 companies, 27 regional headquarters of multinational corporations, 121 headquarters or functional and regional headquarters of domestic and foreign listed companies, and 125 headquarters of industry-leading enterprises (Wang Li, 2019). Compared with the gross domestic product of Minhang Economic and Technological Development Zone and Caohejing Emerging Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hongqiao Economic and Technological Development Zone, as the smallest national level economic and technological development zone in China with the earliest focus on developing the service industry and the only consulate district, has a scale gap and mismatched shared space (see Figure 10). However, with the integration strategy of the Greater Hongqiao Business District, it can effectively leverage its long-term accumulated comparative advantages in the high-end foreign-related commercial and trade service industry.

Figure 10 Comparison of Gross Domestic Product between Hongqiao, Minhang Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Caohejing Emerging Economic and Technological Development Zone

Five countermeasures and suggestions: achieving the "three upgrades"

（1） Innovate the planning system of Hongqiao Business District and achieve the integration of multiple regulations for upgrading

The Shanghai Urban Master Plan (2017-2035) includes the main urban areas surrounding the central city, such as Hongqiao, Chuansha, Baoshan, and Minhang, into the unified management of the main urban area, becoming the main carrier of Shanghai's global urban functions. As one of the four main urban areas, Hongqiao Business District is also a key area for Shanghai to promote higher quality integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta region in the "Outline of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Integration Development Plan". The "Unit Plan for the Hongqiao Main Urban Area of Shanghai" organically connects the "Shanghai Urban Master Plan (2017-2035)" and the "Outline of the Yangtze River Delta Regional Integration Development Plan", and constructs G50 Yangtze River Delta International Trade Corridor and Hongqiao Jiading Kunshan Xiangcheng Science and Technology Innovation Corridor. Enhance the service functions of Shanghai Hongqiao Business District as a demonstration area, leading and driving the integrated development of Suzhou in Jiangsu and Jiaxing in Zhejiang.

The service functions of Hongqiao Business District can be summarized as "one pole, three regions, and three standards". The "one pole" refers to the Hongqiao Business District, which is an important growth pole serving national strategies and promoting higher quality integrated development. The Hongqiao Business District, also known as the "Three Regions," is an import and export commodity distribution center that links the Yangtze River Delta, serves the whole country, and radiates to the Asia Pacific region. The "Three Standards" refer to the construction of a first-class international central business district, a high-level new platform for international trade centers, and an international open hub that connects domestic and international markets. In order to enhance the service functions of Hongqiao Business District, it is necessary to innovate the planning system of the business district, focus on large-scale circulation, exhibitions, and commerce, promote the integration of industry and city, balance work and housing, and improve the transportation system and supporting facilities; To achieve intensive and orderly development, through the integration of multiple regulations and effective implementation, a regional development synergy should be formed, and a planning system for high-quality collaborative development across administrative regions should be innovated.

Taking advantage of the home advantage of the China International Import Expo and in accordance with the "Outline of the Development Plan for Regional Integration in the Yangtze River Delta", we will implement the international Hongqiao standard for the central business district under the guidance of multiple regulations. From the current situation, Hongqiao Business District does not have independent administrative jurisdiction, and its spatial composition spans across four districts and counties, separating administrative and financial powers, resulting in multiple management of spatial planning, industrial planning, and public facility planning, and multiple branches of government. The transportation links between the internal areas of Hongqiao Business District are blocked by railway tracks, airport runways, and river systems, and the transportation links between the central urban area are significantly affected by the large passenger flow of exhibitions. By integrating multiple regulations and upgrading, the Hongqiao standard for spatial planning can be formed, which can provide demonstration experience for the construction of business districts and regional integration. The integration of multiple regulations is not a physical merger or simple patchwork, but rather the appropriate connection of various plans such as economy, society, land, environment, resources, urban and rural areas, transportation, and social undertakings on a unified spatial information platform based on the local conditions, in order to avoid conflicts in planning goals and short-sighted spatial governance.

In terms of transportation planning, we will expand the international shipping service functions of Hongqiao Airport to ensure the normal release rate of flights during peak exhibition periods. Firstly, through the integration of land and airport railways, as well as hub security checks, we aim to reduce redundant security checks, improve the functions of the Hongqiao Business District's comprehensive command platform, and enhance the hub's emergency support capabilities and service efficiency. Secondly, through the coordinated planning of the Yangtze River Delta intercity railway, a 2-hour transportation circle will be built from Hongqiao Business District to major cities in the Yangtze River Delta, a fast and convenient Hongqiao comprehensive transportation hub will be constructed, the north-south public transportation layout will be optimized, the transportation connection between the core area of Hongqiao Business District and the National Convention and Exhibition Center (Shanghai) will be strengthened, the construction of fast and high-speed road networks will be enhanced, and the transportation connection between Hongqiao Business District and other districts and the whole of Shanghai will be strengthened. Thirdly, by extending rail transit, optimize the transportation layout. By offering paid sharing and staggered pricing, we aim to solve the problem of parking difficulties during major exhibitions in key areas.

In terms of large-scale exhibitions and business planning, the "Yangtze River Delta E-commerce Center" in Hongqiao Business District gathers globally renowned e-commerce companies such as Alibaba, Google, JD.com, and Vipshop. It is also one of the "6-day+365 day" year-round exhibition and trading platforms for the CIIE. By leveraging the functions of warehousing, display, and subsequent transactions, we can achieve the transformation of exhibits into commodities nearby. Relying on the CIIE, Hongqiao Business District has established Hongqiao Import Commodity Exhibition and Trading Center and Yangtze River Delta City Exhibition Center, creating a display and trading platform for Shanghai, Yangtze River Delta, and even all Chinese enterprises to "buy globally" and "sell globally".

（2） Innovate the public service system and achieve facility upgrading

According to the "integration of multiple regulations" planning system of Hongqiao Business District, improve the unit planning, detailed control planning, and execution standards for public facilities in Hongqiao Business District. Adhere to high-level functional development, focus on headquarters economy, exhibition economy, platform economy, and digital economy, and develop digital trade, technology trade, and e-commerce. Optimize land use structure, total building quantity, and functional ratio, improve economic density, land use intensity, and development intensity. Adhere to high-quality integrated development, leverage the China International Import Expo and the Hongqiao International Economic Forum to promote the coordinated development of the Hongqiao Business District, the Yangtze River Delta Ecological Green Integration Development Demonstration Zone, and the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone Lingang New Area. Adhere to high standard functional layout and form a development pattern of staggered linkage and complementary advantages among various areas of Hongqiao Business District. Coordinate the construction of ecological spaces, public services, comprehensive transportation, smart cities, etc., to achieve the organic combination of high-quality development and high-quality life.

Coordinate and balance the allocation of high-quality public service resources, and improve the level of supporting public services. By introducing high-end public service projects such as education, healthcare, and cultural sports, increasing the planned land for high-end public service facilities, supporting key primary and secondary schools at the city level, tertiary hospitals, cultural and leisure facilities, sports fields (halls), ecological green spaces, etc. Firstly, through the high-end medical service platform of Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, we provide cutting-edge clinical technology services and medical services, and improve the physician registration management system. Secondly, relying on universities and vocational colleges, establish international exhibition professional colleges, introduce major cultural projects, and introduce important cultural entertainment and sports events. Thirdly, by hosting large-scale events such as international fashion weeks and music festivals, high-level professional competitions can be introduced, and foreign performance agency businesses can be introduced. Fourth, refer to the World Bank's business environment evaluation indicators and benchmark the construction of a first-class business environment. Research and release the "Hongqiao Index" to measure the degree and activity of trade and finance facilitation, as well as the influence of exhibition activities; Establish a one-stop service window for trademark registration and other intellectual property rights.

（3） Innovate consumption system and open hub system to achieve the integration and upgrading of industry and city

Taking the hosting of the China International Import Expo as an opportunity, we will build a professional service platform for trade and overseas investment, establish an innovation demonstration zone for import trade, improve the convenience of customs clearance for imported goods, enhance the level of security, environment, transportation and other guarantee services, promote the upgrading of export quality and the integration of industry and city through consumption upgrading and imports, and build the Hongqiao International Open Hub.

Domestic consumption is an important driving force for Shanghai's economic growth. In 2017, the GDP growth rate in Shanghai has dropped to 6.9%, and in 2018 it dropped to 6.6%, but the consumption growth rate has remained above 8%, higher than the GDP growth rate. The added value of the tertiary industry in Shanghai accounts for 1/6 of the GDP, commercial tax revenue accounts for 16% of the total tax revenue, and the number of employed people in commercial services exceeds 3 million. In 2017, Shanghai's overseas consumer service trade reached 43.75 million people, and the number of tourists traveling abroad through travel agencies grew rapidly. The per capita overseas consumption amount of China reached 2650 US dollars, more than twice the per capita overseas consumption amount of the United States (Dujuan, 2018). With the increase of economic growth and income level, expanding the import of advanced technology and consumer goods is in line with the objective needs of China's industrial structure transformation and residents' consumption upgrading. We should make full use of the home advantage of the CIIE, create a global consumer market, support quality consumption, fashion consumption, and service consumption, promote the professional and diversified agglomeration of the consumer service industry, and enhance the convenience of consumer services; Strive for more tax-free policies to promote the return of overseas consumption, expand the scale of duty-free shops, attract more tourists to consume in Shanghai, achieve the goal of "buying globally without leaving Shanghai", link with the Yangtze River Delta, create a distribution center for import and export goods, and build a globally influential commercial district and new product launch site.

Taking advantage of the home advantage of the CIIE, we aim to create a highland for the development of modern service industry; Gathering professional service institutions such as accounting, law, and consulting; Encourage and promote the launch of new technologies, products, and services in Hongqiao Business District, leveraging the learning effect and latecomer advantages; Encourage financing leasing in areas such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, satellite positioning, big data, aviation services, technology services, big health and healthcare, green finance, and aircraft.

Taking advantage of the home advantage of the CIIE, build a Hongqiao import and export commodity distribution center and a permanent exhibition and trading service platform; Construct Hongqiao Import Commodity Exhibition and Trading Center, Hongqiao Business District Bonded Logistics Center, Donghao Lansheng Import Commodity Exhibition and Sales Center, Greenland Global Commodity Trade Port, etc; Establish a national import trade innovation demonstration zone, promote the integration of cross-border e-commerce and cross-border procurement industry chain, and form a new trade model that combines wholesale and retail, platform internal and external, domestic and overseas, and online and offline; Construct a new model of customs supervision and achieve the normalization of bonded exhibition and sales.

With the advantage of the main venue of the Expo, promote various trade platforms to gather in Hongqiao Business District, including national commodity trading centers, commodity direct selling platforms, professional trade platforms and cross-border e-commerce platforms in countries and regions along the "the Belt and Road"; Cultivate a commodity trading platform with a trading scale of over 10 billion yuan for high-end medical equipment, clothing and textile raw materials, agricultural products, cosmetics, alcoholic beverages, and other products.

Taking advantage of the home advantage of the CIIE, support Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center in building a medical service trade platform. Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Park is a "5+X" health service industry cluster area in Shanghai and one of the first national health tourism demonstration bases. It is an important carrier area for building an Asian medical center city and enhancing Shanghai's health service level. 5 "refers to Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Park, Putuo Taopu International Health Innovation Industrial Park, Jiading Precision Medicine and Health Service Cluster, and Xuhui Fenglin Life and Health Industry Park; X "refers to the construction of several health and medical service industry clusters in Yangpu, Fengxian, Jinshan, Chongming, Songjiang and other areas. Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Park takes the lead in piloting and innovating high-quality social healthcare pathways, mainly focusing on: (1) supporting advantageous specialty clusters, building high-end medical service aggregation platforms and medical service trade platforms, and forming medical service clusters such as cutting-edge clinical technology, high-end medical care, and advanced suitable technology; (2) Encourage physicians to practice in multiple locations, promote two-way mobility between public hospitals and social medical institutions, and encourage social medical institutions to establish talent training cooperation mechanisms with medical colleges and qualified public hospitals; (3) Cooperate with the competent authorities to supervise the behavior of medical institutions and physicians, supervise the informationization of social medical services, and supervise the evaluation and settlement platforms of medical insurance.