Currently, economic globalization is deepening and the global economy is growing. Asian and African countries have diverse resource endowments and strong economic complementarity, with great potential and space for cooperation. China promotes political mutual trust, deepens interest integration, and further stimulates the development vitality and cooperation potential of China and Arab countries through policy communication, facility connectivity, trade facilitation, financial integration, and people to people exchanges. As a result, the Chinese government has increased investment in this area to promote the socio-economic development of the country and its related countries.

The construction of the "the Belt and Road" is not closed, but open and inclusive; It's not a solo performance by China alone, but a choir from various countries along the route. China attaches great importance to academic exchanges and resource sharing along the Silk Road, and creates a favorable academic atmosphere based on a large number of open academic forums, seminars, workshops, lectures, etc. As early as the 1978 National Science Conference, Mr. Zhou Peiyuan, former chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, pointed out in his article "The Association for Science and Technology Should Make Contributions to the Implementation of the Four Modernizations" that "academic exchange activities are a form of combining individual research and collective wisdom in scientific and technological work. Through the contact of ideas, academic exchange, free debate, communication between scientists, we can learn from each other's strengths and weaknesses, promote each other, and jointly improve our understanding, which may lead to the development of new scientific hypotheses and open up new research avenues. This can be said to be a characteristic of scientific research work." In short, academic exchanges It refers to the exploration, argumentation, and research activities conducted by researchers and learners in relevant fields who share their experiences and achievements in designated topics, in order to exchange knowledge and find solutions to problems.

Overview of academic exchanges between China and Arab countries from 2011 to 2015

In modern science, discovery is the result of the interaction of ideas from different sources. Researchers have absorbed a large number of different central ideas, which may lead to such discoveries. In academic exchanges between China and Arab countries, there are numerous open academic forums, seminars, workshops, lectures, and more.

（1） Academic exchange mainly takes the form of forums

Since its establishment in 2004, the China Arab States Cooperation Forum has continuously improved its mechanisms and expanded its scope, with dialogue, cooperation, peace, and development as its main objectives. This has made the forum an important platform for collective dialogue and pragmatic cooperation between China and Arab States. As of 2016, the China Arab States Cooperation Forum has held six ministerial level meetings, mainly discussing strengthening cooperation between China and Arab States in political, economic, cultural and other fields, reviewing the implementation of the forum's action plan and formulating new plans, and exchanging views on regional and international issues of common concern. At the Fourth Ministerial Conference of the China Arab States Cooperation Forum in 2010, both sides announced the establishment of a "comprehensive cooperation and common development strategic partnership", which clarified the direction for the development of China Arab relations. The 5th Ministerial Conference of the China Arab States Cooperation Forum in 2012 was the first high-level institutional event held by the forum since the establishment of strategic cooperation between China and Arab States in 2010. This event has deepened the strategic cooperation between China and Arab countries, strengthened the construction of the forum, and has important significance for carrying forward the past and opening up the future. Both sides closely focused on the theme of "deepening strategic cooperation and promoting common development", achieving three major goals: first, exploring ways and measures for China Arab strategic cooperation and promoting the construction of forum mechanisms; Secondly, clarify the priority areas and specific projects for cooperation between both parties in the next two years, and develop relevant plans for action execution; Thirdly, in order to better safeguard and expand the common interests of both China and Arab countries, exchange views on major international and regional issues, and build consensus. The 6th Ministerial Conference of the Forum on China Arab Cooperation held in 2014 summarized the successful experience of the development of China Arab relations in the past decade since the establishment of the forum, planned the development direction of China Arab relations in the next decade, and formulated specific goals and tasks for the next stage of forum construction. The meeting signed documents such as the Beijing Declaration of the 6th Ministerial Conference of the China Arab States Cooperation Forum, the Action Implementation Plan of the China Arab States Cooperation Forum from 2014 to 2016, the Development Plan of the China Arab States Cooperation Forum from 2014 to 2024, the Implementation Plan of China Arab States Health Cooperation from 2014 to 2015, and the Memorandum of Cooperation on Desertification Detection and Prevention between China and Arab States. China and Arab countries have established a comprehensive cooperation and common development relationship through the forum, providing a platform for the sustained academic development of both sides.

（2） The focus of academic exchange lies in mutual understanding

From 2011 to 2015, the focus of academic seminars between China and Arab countries was more on enhancing "understanding".

Firstly, official level human resources training has become the mainstream trend.

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to personnel exchanges and cooperation with Arab countries. As of the end of 2008, a total of 7027 government officials and technical personnel from Arab countries came to China to participate in various training courses organized by the Chinese side. In 2008 alone, 1150 personnel came to China to participate in training courses. In 2009, China invited 1000 personnel to come to China for training. Among various training courses, there are 18 specifically designed for Arab countries, including 11 courses taught in Arabic and 7 courses taught in English; In addition, some training courses for other developing countries also invite personnel from Arab countries to participate depending on the situation. The training field involves economic and trade, government management, environmental protection, diplomacy, agriculture, and other aspects. Among them, the "Arab Countries Hazardous and Solid Waste Management Officials Training Course" hosted by the Ministry of Commerce and organized by the Education Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection held its opening ceremony in Beijing. 12 environmental officials from 5 Arab countries participated in this training course. The training course lasted for 21 days, and the students listened to lectures by well-known domestic experts on topics such as "Management and Disposal of Hazardous and Solid Waste in China", "Management and Treatment Technology of Electronic Waste", "Management and Treatment Technology of Biomass Waste", "National Strategy for Dealing with Persistent Organic Pollutants in China", and "China Environmental Impact Assessment System". They also went to Gansu Province to conduct on-site inspections of hazardous and solid waste management.

Secondly, China and Arab countries have carried out activities in the fields of academic exchanges and environmental cooperation among enterprises.

The China Arab States Economic and Trade Forum consists of three major sections: the China Arab States Economic and Trade Forum, the China Arab Investment and Trade Fair, and the China Arab States Cultural and Art Festival. The China Arab States Economic and Trade Forum Summit, China Arab States International Trade and Economic Cooperation Forum, China Arab States International Energy Cooperation Forum, China Arab States International Financial Cooperation Forum, China Arab States Quality Inspection and Customs Cooperation Forum, and China Arab States Young Entrepreneurs Economic Forum have provided high-level, high-level, and high-quality economic and trade dialogue platforms for Chinese and Arab government officials, business leaders, experts, and scholars.

Both China and Arab countries have held six entrepreneur conferences and four energy cooperation conferences, which have played a unique and important role in promoting economic and trade cooperation between China and Arab countries. The entrepreneur conference and investment seminar, energy cooperation conference and other mechanisms have provided new platforms for China and Arab countries to leverage complementary advantages and carry out practical cooperation. At the beginning of the forum's establishment in 2004, the total trade volume between China and Arab countries was only 36.7 billion US dollars, but by 2011, it had reached 195.9 billion US dollars. On December 9, 2014, the "Building the New Silk Road - China Arab Economic and Cultural Exchange Academic Seminar" hosted by the Center for Comparative Studies of World Civilizations of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences was held in Beijing. Experts from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences discussed the construction of the New Silk Road from cultural and historical perspectives, focusing on the exchange and cooperation between China and Arab countries. They particularly examined the situation of China's major crude oil import source countries and the energy civilization status between China and Saudi Arabia. They analyzed the energy supply and demand and development trends between China and Saudi Arabia, and suggested that both sides establish a cooperative and win-win relationship based on oil, beyond oil, based on trade, beyond trade, and based on bilateral and beyond bilateral cooperation.

China and Arab countries have also held six symposiums on civilization dialogue and three forums on news cooperation. These cultural exchanges have deepened mutual understanding and knowledge, becoming a major feature of the forum activities. For example, the three friendly conferences held have opened up new channels for people to people exchanges between China and Arab countries. The number of Arab students studying in China is about 8000. Every year, about 300000 Arab citizens travel to China, and about 350000 Chinese citizens travel to Arab countries.

The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China and the Secretariat of the League of Arab States have signed a memorandum of understanding on environmental cooperation in Ningxia, agreeing to continue cooperation in areas such as environmental protection, environmental policies, environmental legislation, water, air, soil pollution prevention and control, raising public awareness of environmental protection, environmental impact assessment, environmental monitoring, environmental protection industry and technology, protecting biodiversity, training for environmental protection personnel, and organizing seminars.

Finally, the number of Arab countries attending the conference in China is showing an increasing trend.

The first China Arab Cities Forum opened in Quanzhou, the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road. More than 200 people, including representatives from 19 different Arab League cities, ambassadors to China, experts and scholars, as well as representatives from relevant central departments and provinces (cities, districts), attended the meeting. The forum discussed three topics: first, building the "Silk Road Economic Belt" and the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" (referred to as the "the Belt and Road"); 2、 Prospects for economic and trade investment cooperation between China and Arab cities; 3、 Conference mechanism, next host city, and other related matters.

In 2015, the Fourth Arab Studies Forum and Academic Symposium on "Great Power Games in the Changing Arab Region" hosted by the Arab Studies Center of Beijing International Studies University were held in Beijing. More than 20 experts and scholars from domestic and Arab countries discussed the the Belt and Road, China Arab relations, counter-terrorism in the Middle East and other issues. From September 14 to 15, 2015, the seminar on the "the Belt and Road" and China Arab relations was successfully held at the Greenland Kowloon Hotel in Shanghai. This conference is hosted by the Middle East Institute of Shanghai International Studies University and the China Arab Cooperation Forum Research Center. More than 60 senior diplomats, experts, scholars, and media professionals from 10 Arab countries including China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Algeria, Tunisia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Lebanon, and Jordan attended the conference. On September 17, 2015, the "China Arab Communication Innovation and Development International Symposium" was held in Beijing, hosted by the Training College of the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television, the School of Journalism and Communication at Hebei University, and the Social Development Research Center for Islamic Countries at Hebei University, and organized by the Arab Studies Center at Beijing Language and Culture University. Sixteen foreign experts in the field of news media from countries such as Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Jordan, and the United Arab Emirates attended the conference.

表1 2006～2015中阿学术交流主要活动

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Table 1 Main Activities of Sino Arab Academic Exchange from 2006 to 2015

（3） Education and healthcare have become the leading areas of exchange and cooperation

China and Arab countries have carried out academic activities in the field of higher education research and cooperation, using the China Arab States University Presidents Forum as a platform. The China Arab States University Presidents Forum has been successfully held for three sessions. These three forums have reached consensus on strengthening scientific and technological cooperation among universities, conducting joint talent training, and promoting two-way flow of teachers and students. They have not only signed a number of cooperation agreements, but also jointly issued the Yinchuan Declaration of the China Arab University Presidents Forum Roundtable. Its importance and influence have been highly recognized by both parties. According to the needs of the Arab side, China will coordinate with relevant departments of Arab countries and the Arab League Secretariat to continue training 6000 talents for the Arab side in the areas agreed upon by both sides from 2015 to 2017. The three forums aim to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between Chinese and Arab universities. Participants extensively discussed topics such as the direction and mode of teaching and research cooperation between Chinese and Arab universities, how to promote student mobility between Chinese and Arab universities, and how to strengthen language teaching cooperation between the two sides. Among them, Ningxia and the heads of educational institutions in Arab countries have conducted extensive and in-depth exchanges on specific talent cooperation. Some Arab universities attending the conference will accept international students sent from Ningxia. Ningxia international students can enjoy tuition waivers and scholarships from contracted schools locally. After graduation, students will receive academic and degree certificates from contracted schools. As of 2013, Ningxia Muslim International Language School has sent more than 200 students to study in 15 schools in the Arab region. Since then, the number of international students will rise to over 400, and it will establish framework cooperation relationships with 45 universities to continuously provide translation talents for exchanges and cooperation between Ningxia and Arab countries.

With the theme of "serving the construction of the the Belt and Road and innovating the cooperation platform", the third forum conducted in-depth discussions on determining the cooperation priorities of the China Arab higher education strategy in the next four years, creating new cooperation models, and enriching the content of bilateral cooperation. Leaders from 74 universities from 26 Arab countries and other regions, as well as representatives from 53 Chinese universities, totaling over 330 people, attended the conference, with a participation scale far ahead of two sessions. During the forum, presidents and scholars of China Arab University discussed and reached consensus on the topics such as "cooperation opportunities and successful experience of previous cooperation of China Arab universities in serving the construction of the the Belt and Road", "improving the two-way flow and exchange mechanism of teachers and students of China Arab universities", "new measures to build a cooperation platform for China Arab universities", forming a new round of cooperation and exchange agreements between China and Arab universities, and forming the "2015~2019 Joint Action Plan for Cooperation between China Arab Universities". In order to expand the achievements of the forum, leverage the role of the forum platform, and pragmatically promote deep cooperation between the two universities, the second China Arab Higher Education Scholars Symposium and China Arab Higher Education Exhibition were also held during this period.

In recent years, dozens of universities in China have opened Arabic language majors and established several research centers for Arab, Islamic, and Middle Eastern issues; In terms of international Chinese education, China has established various forms of Confucius Institutes in Arab countries and also receives a large number of Arab students from various countries to study in China every year through Confucius Institute scholarships. With the increasing cooperation and expansion of cultural and educational exchanges between China and Egypt, Cairo University, Ain Shams University, Al Azhar University, and Suez Canal University have successively established Chinese language departments. At the same time, Confucius Institutes at Cairo University and Suez Canal University have also been established, which has led to an unprecedented increase in the promotion and popularization of Chinese language in Egypt.

Overall, Chinese language education has developed rapidly in Arab countries, and Chinese language has spread rapidly in Arab countries. Many universities have newly opened Chinese departments, and the most recent one to do so is the University of Sade in Egypt. Currently, there are about 20 universities in Egypt that have opened Chinese departments.

From 2009 to 2014, the promotion of international Chinese language teaching was thriving. Firstly, the Confucius Institute and the Chinese Department of Cairo University jointly held the "First Egyptian Chinese Language Teaching Experience Seminar". About 100 people attended the seminar, including Wang Kejian, Minister Counselor of the Chinese Embassy in Egypt, Khalid, Vice President of Cairo University, heads of Egyptian Chinese language teaching institutions, and representatives of Confucius Institute teachers and students. Dr. Zhou Hua, a teacher at the Confucius Institute at Cairo University, introduced his experience in teaching Chinese for the past three years and shared his unique "debate learning method", while Dr. Sun Jinghui from Suez Canal University highlighted his "brain teasers learning method" designed based on the characteristics of Egyptian students. Secondly, both sides held the "China Arab Civilization Dialogue - International Symposium on Language and Culture". Both sides conducted in-depth discussions on the ideas and concepts of language teaching between China and Arab countries, cultural differences and integration between the East and the West, exchange of local cultures between China and Arab countries, comparison of language and culture, and language translation.

The 10th anniversary of the establishment of Confucius Institutes worldwide and the first Confucius Institute Day celebration event was held in Dubai in 2014. The Confucius Institute at Dubai University was established in 2011 in collaboration with Ningxia University in China. Over the past three years, through close collaboration between both parties, the Confucius Institute at Dubai University has continued to develop healthily. The college has undertaken professional Chinese language training for Dubai government departments and organized multiple cultural activities, receiving high recognition from the UAE government and relevant management agencies. Over the past three years, the college has admitted more than 500 students, of whom 3 have received Chinese scholarships to study at Ningxia University. With the support of various parties, Confucius Institutes hope to play a bridging role as a multifunctional platform in the future.

In addition to the field of education, medical exchanges between China and Arab countries have attracted much attention, mainly focusing on the export of traditional Chinese medicine. In the 21st century, the incidence rate of hepatitis, diabetes, skin diseases and other diseases in Egypt is on the rise. The Egyptian government clearly hopes that China can provide high-tech products to treat hepatitis, diabetes and other diseases, so as to improve the medical and health conditions of the Egyptian people. On August 23, 2005, the first China Egypt Academic Symposium on Liver and Skin Diseases was held in Beijing. Leaders from the Egyptian Embassy in China, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing Natural Science Foundation Committee, and the Institute of Materia Medica of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, as well as more than 60 renowned experts and scholars in liver and skin diseases from China and Egypt, shared the latest academic developments in the prevention and treatment of liver and skin diseases, and explored effective ways and methods to prevent and treat hepatitis and viral skin diseases. Other events include the China Arab Academic Exchange Conference on the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non communicable Diseases, the China Arab Summit Forum on Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, the China Arab International Summit Forum on Ophthalmology, the China Arab Academic Exchange Conference on Traditional Medicine, and the China Arab Health Industry Exhibition. The representatives of Arab countries attending the conference are highly optimistic about medical and health cooperation. Through this cooperation, both parties have prevented the spread of some infectious diseases, and the Chinese government has provided scholarships for Comorian medical students to study medicine in China.

Ningxia has played a pioneering role in the academic exchange of medical care between China and Arab countries, relying on the China Arab Health Cooperation Forum. The "2015 China Arab Health Cooperation Forum Ophthalmology International Summit" was held at the Conference Center of the General Hospital of Ningxia People's Hospital. It was hosted by the Medical Administration Bureau of the National Health and Family Planning Commission, the Chinese Medical Association, and the Ningxia Health and Family Planning Commission, and jointly organized by Ningxia People's Hospital and Ningxia Ophthalmic Hospital. The conference focused on the development of glaucoma and corneal diagnosis and treatment, prevention of blindness and genetic eye diseases, and new developments in corneal endothelial transplantation. 23 well-known domestic and foreign ophthalmologists from Shams University, Mansoura University in Egypt, Tehran University in Iran, Zhejiang University Affiliated Second Hospital, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Tianjin Ophthalmology University Ophthalmology Hospital, and Southwest Hospital of Third Military Medical University attended the conference. More than 400 ophthalmology professionals from medical institutions across the country participated in the conference and shared international high-level ophthalmology academic research achievements.

The China Arab States Health Cooperation Forum has deepened cooperation in the field of health between the two sides. In order to strengthen direct cooperation between medical and health institutions, it has proposed and established the China Arab States Medical and Health Cooperation Development Alliance; Strengthen the interaction of health human resources; Support cooperation in medical technology and encourage mutual transfer of technology; Support cooperation in the prevention and control of infectious and non infectious diseases, and regularly and timely exchange information on infectious diseases; Strengthen global coordination and cooperation in health affairs.

The international platform of the "China Arab Health Cooperation Forum" focuses on strengthening multilateral cooperation mechanisms and domestic policy support to build a "healthy silk road" and drive the development of health in China and countries along the "the Belt and Road", while strengthening exchanges and cooperation in medicine between China and Arab countries and comprehensively promoting cooperation in the field of health and family planning along the "Belt and Road".

New Characteristics of Academic Exchange between China and Arab Countries in 2016

（1） Academic cooperation categories are becoming more diversified, and cooperation platforms are becoming more digitized

In 2016, academic cooperation between China and Arab countries diversified. The China Arab States Cooperation Forum mechanism comprehensively promotes cooperation in 18 categories and 36 fields in the action plan. In 2016, around the topic of "jointly building the the Belt and Road and deepening China Arab strategic cooperation", China and Arab countries reached broad consensus on the development of relations and the construction of cooperation forums, and exchanged in-depth views on regional situations and hot issues. Focusing on organizing six major institutional activities including civilization dialogue, news cooperation forum, energy cooperation forum, entrepreneur conference, friendship conference, and mutual art festival, we will hold three cooperation forums on health cooperation, radio and television, and Beidou; Initiate three major exchange projects: the China Arab Translation Joint Training Program, the China Arab Reform and Development Research Center, and the China Arab Think Tank Joint Research Project; Fully leverage the leading role of the three major high-tech projects, namely the Technology Transfer Center, the Nuclear Energy Training Center, and the implementation of the Beidou Satellite Navigation System.

With the joint efforts of both China and Arab countries, the forum has continued to grow and develop, with various forms of institutional activities, rich content, and significant results. The development and construction of the forum have greatly enriched the connotation of China Arab exchanges, innovated the mode of mutually beneficial cooperation, and formed a beneficial supplement to the bilateral cooperation between China and Arab countries. It has effectively improved the overall level of China Arab relations, followed the will of the people, and the trend of the times. China attaches great importance to the forum as a platform and will work together with Arab countries to continuously strengthen the forum's construction, so as to better serve the noble goal of inheriting China Arab friendship.

In 2016, academic collaboration platforms moved towards digitization. World Internet cooperation and exchange is a new part of China Arab cooperation and an important part of China's "the Belt and Road" initiative. China's development achievements and experience in the field of Internet security technology in recent years can provide a reference for the development of the Internet industry in the Arab world, and China Arab Internet cooperation can jointly prevent cybercrime and ensure financial and social security.

The China Arab Internet International High end Think Tank Forum has strengthened the dialogue between China and Arab countries' cyberspace think tanks. During the dialogue, more than 20 officials, scholars and entrepreneurs from China, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates, Tunisia and other Arab countries gathered together to discuss the role of the Internet in promoting the integration of China Arab cultural diversity, China Arab informatization construction and economic and trade cooperation, and how China and Arab countries face cyber security challenges and threats.

The application of the Internet has further expanded the breadth and depth of China Arab economic and trade cooperation, and promoted the adjustment and upgrading of the respective industrial structures of China and Arab countries. This requires strengthening the construction of China Arab Internet infrastructure and consolidating the foundation for network development; Strengthen the deep integration of the Internet and China Arab economic and trade cooperation, promote the upgrading of China Arab economic and trade cooperation, and better integrate into the global industrial chain, value chain and supply chain; Strengthen the construction of the "Internet plus" China Arab platform, and expand new space and add new vitality for China Arab cooperation through the China Arab Expo, China Arab Online Silk Road Forum and other platforms.

（2） Collaboration and exchange in academic fields are moving towards deeper and broader directions

In 2016, China and Arab countries began to focus their cooperation on national relations, translation, education, journalism, leisure and other fields. Cooperation in these fields can bring about medium - and long-term development promotion for various projects along the "the Belt and Road".

The cooperation between China and traditional friendly countries in the academic field has further deepened. Egypt, as one of the Arab countries that have established diplomatic relations with China, has always had close exchanges with China in the academic field. The 2016 China Egypt Cultural Year marks a new era of cultural exchange between China and Egypt. Both sides plan to hold a total of 102 events throughout 2016, including cultural and artistic activities, tourism and education, news publishing and broadcasting, youth sports, cultural relics archives, and sister city exchanges. Among them, China will host 63 events and Egypt will host 39 events. Chinese and Egyptian scholars held a seminar on China Egypt relations at the Egypt Regional Strategic Research Center, a mainstream think tank in Egypt. They discussed and exchanged ideas on the current situation in the Middle East, the roles of China and Egypt in regional affairs, China's development path and its impact.

Academic cooperation between Chinese and Arab universities is deepening. Peking University and Cairo University in Egypt jointly hosted a small bilateral seminar with the theme of "China Egypt cooperation in the context of the the Belt and Road", which was organized by the Arabic Department of the School of Foreign Languages of Peking University. The meeting discussed the cooperation between China and Egypt in the field of journalism, religion, and Egypt's national conditions. The focus was on the joint training of graduate students and mutual visits between teachers and students in the field of Middle East studies between the two universities. Preliminary consensus was reached, and it was determined to jointly build the Confucius Institute at the University of Cairo. The seminar held in the Foreign Language Building of Peking University, as an important part of the China Africa 20+20 project, also adds color to the series of activities organized by Peking University for the China Egypt Cultural Year.

To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the opening of diplomatic relations between China and Arab countries, Shanghai International Studies University held an international seminar on translation and cultural exchanges between China and Arab countries. More than 20 major domestic Arabic teaching and research institutions, experts, professors and senior figures from relevant national level institutions such as the Chinese People's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries, Xinhua News Agency, China Radio International, the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau, CCTV, the China Foreign Language and Culture Administration, the National Library of China, and 25 foreign experts and professors from Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Iraq, Morocco, Tunisia, Pakistan, France and other countries held a total of 8 sub conference academic seminars, involving topics such as Arabic Chinese translation theory and skills, translation and the "Silk Road", the participation and development direction of translation institutions, the translation introduction and research status of Arabic Chinese works, translation and the "going global" of Chinese culture, curriculum design of Chinese Arabic colleges and departments, and translation teaching methods. from nearly 100 academic circles at home and abroad Experts and scholars from the industry and media conducted detailed and enthusiastic discussions and interactions.

Taiyuan University of Technology and Kabul University jointly held the "First China Arab Education Forum on the the Belt and Road". The theme of this meeting is the cultivation and exchange of young talents between China and Argentina in the context of the "the Belt and Road" strategy. The conference extensively discussed the trade, culture, education, scientific research and other related issues between China and Afghanistan, and further discussed the role and status of young talents in the "the Belt and Road" initiative and cooperation.

The China (International) Leisure Development Forum, jointly hosted by the Hangzhou Municipal People's Government and "Xiaokang" Magazine, organized by "Leisure" Magazine, and co organized by the Leisure Management Research Institute of Zhejiang University School of Management and the Hangzhou Leisure Development Promotion Association, has grandly opened in Hangzhou. With the theme of "Great Health and Leisure Industry", this forum has set up six sub forums, namely: Great Health and Leisure Life, Leisure Tourism Investment Summit, Mobile Internet and Leisure Industry Development, Leisure Vitality and Famous City Travel, Urban Leisure and Industry Development under the New Normal, and Investment and Financing Summit of "Building Beautiful Countryside Together". The six sub forums are based on the current national economic policies and the development status of the leisure industry, with Hangzhou as the leading city to build an industrial investment and financing cooperation platform, seeking high-quality projects for funds. This forum plays a positive guiding role in the development of the industry and provides a platform for the great development of China's leisure industry.

For the first time, academic exchanges between China and Arab countries have involved the cultural and technological sector, with discussions centered around the collision between China and the world, cultural and technological advancements, and young leaders. Among them, the fourth annual meeting of the the Taihu Lake World Cultural Forum was held in Macao. The theme of the meeting was "Jointly building a new civilization with a shared future for mankind", and a variety of meetings and activities were designed. The four major topics are "harmony without uniformity - a community with a shared future for mankind and a global consensus", "win-win cooperation - an important concept for building a new type of international relations", "only one earth - the ecological philosophical foundation of the community of human life", and "the the Belt and Road - a new path to open up a community with a shared future for mankind".

These seminars have promoted cooperation at the global and regional levels, not only providing participants with real expertise, but also serving as another model for bilateral and multilateral cooperation along the the Belt and Road. Such seminars can impart basic knowledge to countries around the world and lay the foundation for cooperation and construction of related small, medium, and large-scale infrastructure and projects.

（3） The exchange in the medical field is moving towards network informatization

In 2016, academic exchange activities were carried out in the field of medical network information technology between China and Arab countries. A win-win partnership has been established between the Chinese Medical Association and medical associations in several Arab countries, with a view to achieving the effect of uniting medical associations in the surrounding countries of the "the Belt and Road" through point to area and radiation, laying the foundation for building a service platform for the "the Belt and Road" medical corridor, and promoting exchanges and cooperation between China and medical associations in key countries of the "the Belt and Road".

表2 2016中阿学术交流主要活动

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Table 2 Main Activities of Academic Exchange between China and Arab Countries in 2016

The delegation of the Chinese Medical Association participated in the 24th academic conference of the Commonwealth Medical Association. During the conference, the Chinese Medical Association and the Sri Lankan Medical Association signed a memorandum of cooperation in Colombo, Sri Lanka to establish a win-win partnership. Experts from organizations such as the World Health Organization, Google, Microsoft, and world famous enterprises discussed hot topics such as digital medicine and Internet affairs, mobile medicine, digital transformation of health, flexible health system, social determinants of health, universal health coverage, the new face of global health, and the ability of artificial intelligence to change the "disease care" system through videos, in the form of real-time on-site visits, academic reports, case studies, etc., which broadened the vision of the participants and deepened their understanding of digital medicine. The Chinese Embassy in Sri Lanka has provided necessary assistance in promoting medical academic exchanges between China and Sri Lanka.

To further deepen the implementation of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor, at the proposal of the Pakistan Medical Association, the Chinese Medical Association and the Pakistan Medical Association jointly held the first China Pakistan Medical Conference in Karachi and signed a memorandum of cooperation. The two sessions have officially established a brotherly relationship, jointly building the "China Pakistan Medical Corridor" and seeking bilateral exchanges and cooperation in continuing medical education, patient care, academic exchanges, medical information and experience sharing, and other areas. During the conference, medical experts from China and Pakistan held 26 special academic seminars on hepatology, gynecology and obstetrics, pediatrics, cardiology, pathology, plastic surgery, infectious disease, otorhinolaryngology, orthopaedics, psychiatry, anesthesiology, medical education, bioethics, oncology, gastroenterology, endocrinology and diabetes, general medicine, neurology, critical medicine, urogenital disease, pulmonary disease, ophthalmology, internal medicine, infertility, neurosurgery, and dermatology. The China Pakistan Hepatology Forum is a practical achievement of the Hepatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association in response to the requirements of the Chinese Medical Association, in cooperation with the national "the Belt and Road" initiative, and in strengthening academic exchanges with foreign countries. China and Pakistan face common problems and challenges in the field of liver disease. The academic exchange activities between the Hepatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and the Hepatology Society of Pakistan will promote full exchanges and cooperation in the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease between the two countries, and provide better medical services for liver disease patients in China and Pakistan.

In 2016, the medical fields of China and Arab countries engaged in effective communication from multiple levels, including government, industry, and academia, around different issues such as new technologies in network informationization and financing models, in order to provide accessible and affordable medical services for the entire population.

Analysis of Problems and Countermeasures in Academic Exchange between China and Arab Countries in 2016

To promote academic exchanges, it is necessary to innovate academic cooperation mechanisms. It can be said that the construction of innovative mechanisms is the fundamental source of vitality and influence for academic exchanges and cooperation between China and Arab countries.

（1） Question:

Throughout domestic and international development cooperation, breakthroughs have been sought in mechanism construction. The China Arab States Expo, with the promotion of China Arab cooperation as its main body, is a national and international event open to the world. Its functions have far exceeded the economic and trade scope of general expos and become a major platform for promoting academic cooperation. Various Sino Arab seminars based on this strategy have successfully built a bridge for academic talent exchange and cooperation between China and Arab countries, providing a large stage for innovating the Sino Arab academic talent mechanism. Although the research of experts and scholars from China and Arab countries is becoming more diversified, the hierarchical mechanism of mutual communication is not yet perfect, and the research topics have not kept up with the speed of economic and trade development of both sides in all aspects. In addition, these academic exchanges between China and Arab countries focus on areas such as economy, politics, energy, education, and technology, while neglecting the methods, philosophy, and thinking behind these academic fields and innovations.

Innovative academic exchange and cooperation mechanisms are conducive to promoting the concentration of funds, resources, talents, and technology in various industries on a larger scale and in a wider range of fields, injecting more vitality into the development of the social economy, further allocating academic resources in accordance with the requirements of globalization, becoming a new driving force for economic and social development, a powerful lever for adjusting industrial structure, promoting transformation and upgrading, and an important way to increase people's livelihood and promote social harmony. However, for a long time, compared to the systematic and in-depth research on Sino US relations, China Europe relations, China Japan relations, and China Southeast Asia relations, China's research on the different cultural characteristics of Arab countries, the Islamic world, and the Gulf region needs to be further deepened.

（2） Countermeasures

In the context of the "the Belt and Road", to promote China Arab academic talent cooperation, we must closely focus on the concept of wide opening up, pay close attention to talent mechanism construction, and comprehensively improve the level of China Arab academic talent cooperation.

1. Fully cultivate Chinese talents to enter Arab countries and understand local culture. This requires scholars to decipher the methods, philosophy, and thinking behind relevant academic fields and innovations. The relationship between academia and politics should be adjusted, and officials and scholars should also adapt to the profound changes in China's current diplomacy. On the one hand, we should focus on the "the Belt and Road" initiative, speed up the training of existing talents in various systems, take the China Arab international academic exchange activities as the lead, adopt a regular academic exchange mechanism, understand each other and understand the academic exchange and cooperation mechanism, and promote the academic cooperation between China and Afghanistan. On the other hand, we should deeply draw on the great experience of Chinese and overseas Chinese in promoting academic exchanges between China and Algeria, and strengthen the connection and utilization of academic talents between China and Algeria.

2. Continuously build a digital platform for cooperation and exchange of various types of academic talents between China and Arab countries. Continue to build various seminars between China and Arab countries into a platform for academic exchange and cooperation under the China Arab States Expo platform, further expand their functions, establish a distinctive platform for academic exchange and cooperation between China and Arab countries, and actively introduce advanced academic exchange mechanisms in combination with reality to form interactive effects. It should be emphasized to continue to maintain the ministerial level meetings, senior officials' meetings, and other existing cooperation and daily communication mechanisms in various fields of the "Forum", and highly evaluate the positive and important contributions made by these mechanisms to the development and construction of the "Forum". At the same time, with the help of cooperation platforms such as the China Arab States Expo, both sides have jointly built an online academic exchange platform, which is the expectation of the Chinese and Arab peoples and a contribution to the people of the world.

3. Establish a flexible academic exchange mechanism between China and Arab countries. To meet the needs of the times, establish an academic exchange and cooperation mechanism of "China Arab Academic Sharing", closely connect departments, industries, and internal and external systems, and establish a public-private cooperation mechanism. Local governments of Chinese and foreign countries can cooperate with private enterprises and non-governmental organizations to establish academic training centers in China and Arab countries.

4. Deepen the promotion of academic exchange programs between China and Arab countries. Targeting the forefront of academic development, by selecting new formats and topics as carriers for talent work, recruiting academic personnel from Arab countries and regions, and combining with China's Arabic language talent training program, international academic exchange and cooperation projects, establishing the China Arab Academic Research Institute, gathering and cultivating a group of talents with international standards, and achieving talent landing.

5. Establish an information contact mechanism for academic exchange and cooperation between Chinese and Arab universities. Establishing an academic community should follow the path of building an international academic community. Strengthen the communication and connection of academic exchanges between Chinese and Arab universities, gradually establish a data accurate and convenient academic information database for China and Arab countries through channels such as national, corporate, and civil society, and break down barriers such as regions, countries, departments, industries, and positions through online channels, making it an information platform for academic exchange services between China and Arab countries. For China Arab academic exchanges and cooperation, leaders of scientific research departments and universities and enterprises at all levels should take the lead in person, and make full use of foundations, associations, international academic organizations and other channels to bring in and connect international talents who can give play to China's advantages in human resources, have experience in international academic cooperation, and can deepen cooperation in key areas between China and the Arab countries, and international talents and enterprises with international marketing capabilities and the characteristics of the Silk Road to strengthen academic exchanges.

Academic exchange and sharing have promoted the cultivation of academic exchange talents between China and Arab countries. Building a new bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanism for academic exchanges between China and Arab countries requires the academic community to form a symbiotic relationship of mutual support and common development. Implementing the internationalization strategy of talents is an inevitable choice for China's social and economic construction. The academic, research, and technological exchanges between China and Arab countries are increasingly strengthening, which, combined with China's commitment to cultivating an innovative culture, will provide countless opportunities for cooperation between these two ancient nations to benefit both societies and the world.