The Republic of Poland, abbreviated as Poland, is a Slavic country located on the plains of Eastern Europe, with a history dating back to 700 BC. During the golden period of development in the 16th century, Poland also held the dual identity of a major European power and a world trading power, and its culture was able to develop rapidly. Poland has experienced numerous wars and challenges, and the complexity and distortion of its history have created its unique national characteristics and social system. At the same time, it has also made Poland highly distinctive in various aspects such as literature, music, art, religion, and festivals. For hundreds of years, Polish literature has accompanied the ups and downs of Polish history, enriched the charm of Polish culture, cultivated the passion of Polish politics, and made Polish literature uniquely meaningful to the Polish people. As of 2019, five writers from Poland, including Xiankevich, Vradys ł aw Lemont, Czeslaw Miwosz, Vistula Szymborska, and Olga Tokachuk, have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. At the same time, Poland also gave birth to a group of composers represented by Chopin, who created a series of world-renowned musical works and made outstanding contributions to the development of world music and art. Meanwhile, Polish jazz and folk music also have their distinct characteristics. In addition, Poland's art schools are also rich and diverse.

Overview of the Polish Cultural Market

（1） Poland has a profound cultural heritage

The Republic of Poland, abbreviated as Poland, is a Slavic country located on the plains of Eastern Europe, with a history dating back to 700 BC. During the golden period of development in the 16th century, Poland also held the dual identity of a major European power and a world trading power, and its culture was able to develop rapidly. Poland has experienced numerous wars and challenges, and the complexity and distortion of its history have created its unique national characteristics and social system. At the same time, it has also made Poland highly distinctive in various aspects such as literature, music, art, religion, and festivals.

For hundreds of years, Polish literature has accompanied the ups and downs of Polish history, enriched the charm of Polish culture, cultivated the passion of Polish politics, and made Polish literature uniquely meaningful to the Polish people. As of 2019, five writers from Poland, including Xiankevich, Vradys ł aw Lemont, Czeslaw Miwosz, Vistula Szymborska, and Olga Tokachuk, have won the Nobel Prize in Literature. At the same time, Poland also gave birth to a group of composers represented by Chopin, who created a series of world-renowned musical works and made outstanding contributions to the development of world music and art. Meanwhile, Polish jazz and folk music also have their distinct characteristics. In addition, Poland's art schools are also rich and diverse.

（2） Poland's cultural market economy operates smoothly

1. Polish cultural market entities are becoming increasingly active

In 2018, a total of 117200 cultural and creative enterprises in Poland carried out activities (see Figure 1), among which the more representative cultural fields were advertising (28900), books and publishing (27000), and architecture (18800). Unlike previous years, the advertising sector (previously the book and publishing sector) ranks first in terms of the number of operating enterprises, and compared to 2017, it has the largest increase in the number of operating entities among all cultural sectors (reaching 17.7%). The structure of Polish cultural and creative enterprises in 2018 is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1: The number of cultural and creative enterprises in Poland from 2015 to 2018

Figure 2: Structure of Polish Cultural and Creative Enterprises in 2018

Most cultural and creative enterprises are organized in the form of micro enterprises (accounting for 98.9% of cultural and creative enterprises), with a total of 116000, accounting for 5.6% of all micro non-financial enterprises. The share of cultural and creative enterprises of other scales in non-financial enterprises is as follows: small enterprises account for 1.9%, medium-sized enterprises account for 1.3%, and large enterprises account for 1.2%.

2. Optimistic employment prospects in the Polish cultural market

Overall, the output value of Poland's cultural and creative industries is in a growth stage, but from a European perspective, Poland is still a developing country. Therefore, compared to other industries, the share of labor force in the cultural and creative sector is quite low. In addition, the employment share of Poland's cultural and creative industry is growing faster than other developed countries.

As of December 31, 2018, the employment of cultural and creative enterprises in Poland reached 241542 people (an increase of 12500 compared to 2017), accounting for 2.4% of the total number of employees in non-financial enterprises. 70.5% of employees in cultural and creative enterprises serve micro enterprises, 13.4% serve large enterprises, 8.1% serve small enterprises, and 8.0% serve medium-sized enterprises. If the analysis considers average paid work, the situation is slightly different. Micro enterprises have created 362300 job positions, with 170240 people working in micro enterprises, indicating that the majority of employees work part-time or occasionally (see Table 1).

The characteristic of cultural and creative enterprises, regardless of their size, is that the average monthly salary per employee is higher than that of all non-financial enterprises. This trend has been going on for several years. In 2018, the average monthly salary of all non-financial enterprise employees was 4816 zlotys, while the average monthly salary of cultural and creative enterprise employees was 6029 zlotys, which is close to the monthly salary of non-financial enterprise employees in professional, scientific, and technical fields.

表1 2018年波兰文化创意企业从业情况

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Table 1 Employment Status of Polish Cultural and Creative Enterprises in 2018

In 2018, the average monthly salary of employees in micro cultural and creative enterprises in Poland was 3570 zlotys, while the average monthly salary of employees in all micro non-financial enterprises was 3093 zlotys. There are similar differences between cultural and creative enterprises of other scales and non-financial enterprises of corresponding scales: small cultural and creative enterprises have a value of 6039 zlotys, while small non-financial enterprises have a value of 4283 zlotys; Medium sized cultural and creative enterprises earn 7994 zlotys, while medium-sized non-financial enterprises earn 5024 zlotys; Large cultural and creative enterprises earn 7805 zlotys, while large non-financial enterprises earn 5705 zlotys. In cultural and creative enterprises, the proportion of total salary to total cost is 9.9% (8.8% for non-financial enterprises).

3. The income level of the Polish cultural market needs to be improved

In 2018, the total revenue of Polish cultural and creative enterprises was approximately 83.3 billion zlotys, with a total cost of 74.6 billion zlotys, indicating a surplus of total revenue over total cost for Polish cultural and creative enterprises. In 2018, the cost level indicator (the ratio of total cost to total revenue) of Polish cultural and creative enterprises was 89.6% (2.9 percentage points higher than in 2017), while the cost level indicator of all non-financial enterprises was 92.7%, indicating that the operating costs of cultural and creative enterprises are relatively low. The average cost of each cultural and creative enterprise is 636700 zlotys (2.1366 million zlotys for non-financial enterprises), and the average revenue is 711000 zlotys (2.3047 million zlotys for non-financial enterprises). The total revenue and total cost of cultural and creative enterprises account for less than 2.0% of the total revenue and total cost of all non-financial enterprises (1.7% and 1.6% respectively). The surplus situation of various types of cultural and creative enterprises from 2015 to 2018 is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3: Earnings of Various Types of Cultural and Creative Enterprises from 2015 to 2018

In 2018, Polish cultural and creative enterprises created an added value of 24.6 billion zlotys, accounting for 2.1% of all non-financial enterprises. Calculated on a per enterprise basis, the added value created by cultural and creative enterprises is almost 1/4 of the total added value created by non-financial enterprises.

Overview of Poland's Cultural and Creative Industries

（1） Development status of key cultural industries in Poland

The development level of the exhibition art industry has significantly improved. In 2018, there were 948 museums (including branch offices) in Poland. 81.6% of them are located in cities. Most museums and their branches are located in the provinces of Mazovia and Lesser Poland, with 136 and 132 respectively. There are 93 museums in Greater Poland Province. From 2009 to 2018, the number of museums and the number of visitors have significantly increased. In 2018, the number of visitors to Polish museums reached 38.1 million, an increase of 1.7% compared to 2017. The number of visitors organized by the school accounts for 13.6% of all tourists. 15 million people visited the museum for free. In 2018, the most popular museums in Poland were the Art and History Museum, which received a total of 17.7 million visitors throughout the year.

In 2018, there were a total of 325 art museums active throughout Poland. Polish art museums have become a symbol of the city, with 82 located in Warsaw and Krakow. From 2007 to 2016, the number of art museums and visitors in Poland gradually increased. But in 2017, the number of visitors to the art museum decreased by 66.9% compared to 2016. In addition, in 2017, Polish art museums held a total of 4200 exhibitions, a year-on-year decrease of 4.9%. In 2018, the number of visitors reached 45 million (a year-on-year increase of 3.2%), and a total of 3900 exhibitions were held (a year-on-year decrease of 7.1%). Polish art museums are divided into public art museums and private art museums. Although the two are roughly equal in number, public art museums hold more exhibitions, educational activities, and publishing events, and visitors visit public art museums more often.

The participation of the public in the performing arts industry has increased. In 2018, 189 theaters and music institutions in Poland conducted stage activities. The number of seats in theaters and music institution halls reached 98000, a year-on-year increase of 3.4%. In 2018, theaters and music institutions organized 69000 performances and concerts, a year-on-year increase of 5.6%. In 2018, there were 847 theatrical, puppetry, and musical premieres in Poland, a year-on-year increase of 11.4%. Compared to 2017, the number of performers in theaters and music institutions reached 14.9 million, a year-on-year increase of 12.3%. In 2018, there were 472 people per 1000 people in Poland who watched or listened to performances, with an average attendance of 216 people per 1000 people. There were a total of 3300 entertainment activities (including outdoor activities) organized by professional enterprises (institutions), an increase of 5.2% compared to 2017, but the audience decreased by 39% to only 3.2 million people.

The jewelry industry has a strong fashion atmosphere. Poland's amber is world-renowned, and its amber products are made from pure natural materials. Its design is innovative, unique, and the production process is exquisite. The 26th International Amber and Jewelry Exhibition was held from March 20th to 23rd, 2019 in the coastal city of Gdansk in northern Poland. The exhibition attracted 470 exhibitors from 54 countries and over 6000 industry visitors. The Baltic coast is the main producer of amber in the world, and Gdansk is also known as the "Amber Capital of the World", contributing about 70% of the world's amber. Gdansk holds large-scale international amber expos every spring and autumn. In terms of scale and professionalism, the amber exhibition in Poland is currently one of the largest and most professional amber exhibitions in the world. As the Chinese become the main force of amber consumption, Polish amber jewelry has also added more and more Chinese elements in the design and production process.

The attractiveness of the film and television industry is constantly increasing. In 2017, Poland operated a total of 496 cinemas, which was basically the same as in 2016. Cinemas in Poland are mainly concentrated in densely populated and economically developed areas, with the majority located in the provinces of Mazovia and Silesia. Although the number of cinemas has decreased for a long period of time, the number of people entering cinemas has increased during this period.

In 2018, the number of cinemas in Poland increased, with a total of 500 cinemas operating in Poland. Cinemas are mainly located in urban areas (97.0%), which are representative of populous and economically developed regions in Poland. In the past two years, the number of moviegoers has increased. In 2018, the number of audience in Polish cinemas was 59.3 million, an increase of 4.3% over the previous year. In 2018, Poland released 384 new films (with an audience of 57.3 million). Four out of the top ten highest grossing films released in 2018 were produced in Poland.

The number of radio and television users has increased. Radio and television can be divided into two types: public and private. In 2017, Poland had 17 public area radio stations and 16 television centers, while private broadcasting companies had 289 radio stations and 23 television licenses. These licenses are issued by the National Broadcasting Council to private entities that transmit radio and television programs through terrestrial transmitters. Compared to 2016, the number of cable TV users increased by 1.3%, reaching 42 million people.

The revenue of online advertising industry continues to rise. According to Starcom's analysis data, the advertising market revenue in Poland reached 9.54 billion zlotys in 2018, an increase of 7.8% compared to 2017. The growth rate of advertising investment in online channels (Internet and radio) is greater than that in cable channels (TV). Internet advertising has developed rapidly, accounting for about 33.7% of the advertising market. In contrast, newspaper advertising had an investment of 193 million zlotys in 2018, a year-on-year decrease of 6.6%, making it the only advertising channel in Poland to experience a decline in market share.

The gaming industry has enormous potential. According to Newzoo's forecast, the gaming market revenue in the Eastern European region (including the Polish market) will reach $3.9 billion in 2018, with an average growth rate of 9.1%, almost twice that of the Western European market. According to a Newzoo gaming report, the revenue of the Polish gaming market is expected to reach $546 million in 2018, and the revenue of Polish game developers will exceed $330 million. This level has been maintained for three years (in 2016, the European Game Developers Association predicted that the public and private revenue of all Polish game developers would be approximately € 300 million). In 2018, the net revenue of all video game manufacturers listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange was approximately 772.8 million zlotys, of which CD Projekt gaming company's revenue was 362.9 million zlotys. The net profit of all 29 manufacturers listed on the stock exchange reached 157.2 million zlotys in 2018. According to data released by Morgan Stanley Bank in January 2019, the value of CD Projekt gaming company was 23 billion zlotys, and in mid November 2019, its value exceeded 25 billion zlotys.

（2） Industry platforms assist in the development of industries

In order to further promote the development of various cultural industries, unique organizations have been formed in Poland, providing corresponding communication and development platforms for cultural market entities.

In the film industry, the Polish Film Institute has played an important role. The Polish Film Association, established under the requirements of the Polish Film Act, is the main institution responsible for implementing comprehensive national support policies for the film industry and is also the manager of the Polish National Film Fund. The Polish Film Association is under the jurisdiction of the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, and its budget comes from 1.5% of the annual revenue of Polish national film exhibitors, distributors, broadcasters, DTH platforms, and cable television stations, with an annual quota of approximately 34 million euros.

In the performing arts industry, the Polish Music and Dance Association is the national cultural association of Poland. The basic task of the association is to develop Poland's music and dance culture. The association has its own artists, academy, and publishing house, awards scholarships to Polish music and dance groups, and operates several websites. Its jurisdiction also includes ministerial level projects.

In the book publishing industry, the Polish Book Institute relies on regular and reliable evaluations of the book situation in the Polish publishing market, studies the publishing market and reader market, forms annual reports, showcases the development direction and trends of the Polish publishing industry, as well as its strength and effectiveness, in order to help researchers evaluate the value of the book market.

The gaming industry is also a representative cultural industry in Poland. The Polish Independent Games Foundation (managed by the Polish government) provides technical, marketing, legal advice, and other support and assistance to independent game teams, assisting game manufacturers in promoting Polish games. At the same time, the foundation also collaborates with Polish embassies and consulates abroad to lead Polish game companies to participate in overseas events such as ChinaJoy, Tokyo Game Show, and Nuclear Fusion, promoting local Polish games.

Overview of Cultural Trade in Poland

（1） Current situation of Poland's foreign trade in goods

In 2017, according to the European Union Statistics Office, the total import and export volume of goods trade in Poland was 461.6 billion US dollars, an increase of 15.4% compared to 2016. Among them, the export value was 2310.1 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 14.1%; The import value was 230.6 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 16.9%. The trade surplus reached 410 million US dollars, a year-on-year decrease of 92.2%.

According to Tables 2 and 3, in 2017, the top five countries for Poland's exports were Germany, Czech Republic, United Kingdom, France, and Italy, while the top five countries for imports were Germany, China, Russia, Netherlands, and Italy. The main trading countries are EU countries. The top five sources of trade deficits are China, Russia, the Netherlands, Belgium, and South Korea. Meanwhile, according to the 2017 China Poland trade statistics, China is Poland's 21st largest exporter and second largest importer.

表2 2017年波兰贸易出口国相关数据

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Table 2: Data on Polish Trade Exporting Countries in 2017

表3 2017年波兰贸易进口国相关数据

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Table 3: Data on Poland's Trade Importing Countries in 2017

（2） Current situation of Poland's foreign trade in services

In 2016, Poland's service trade exports amounted to 49.8 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 10.4%; The import value was 34.24 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 3.7%. Poland's service trade exports to China amounted to 240 million US dollars, while imports from China amounted to 330 million US dollars. In 2016, Poland's service trade mainly focused on transportation, tourism, and commercial services, and the level of cultural and entertainment service trade needs to be improved (see Figures 4 and 5).

According to data from the Polish Central Bank, in 2018, Poland's service trade exports increased by 14% compared to 2017, with a service trade surplus of 22.2 billion euros, a year-on-year increase of 18.9% (4.2 billion euros). From 2015 to 2018, Poland's service trade exports increased by 45%, higher than the 25% increase in goods trade exports. At the same time, the rapid growth of service trade exports has also led to Poland's growth rate in this area being higher than the world average. According to data released by the World Trade Organization in 2018, Poland ranked 25th in the world in terms of service trade exports, accounting for 1.2% of global service trade exports.

Figure 4: Export Structure of Polish Service Trade in 2016

Figure 5: Import Structure of Polish Service Trade in 2016

（3） Current situation of Poland's foreign cultural trade

In 2018, the export value of Polish cultural and creative products was 15.1565 billion zlotys, a decrease of 1.9% compared to 2017. However, the import value of Polish cultural and creative products has increased. In 2018, the import value of cultural and creative products in Poland was 10.6151 billion zlotys (an increase of 547.3 million zlotys compared to 2017). In 2018, the trade surplus of cultural and creative products in Poland was 4.5414 billion zlotys (5.3741 billion zlotys in 2017) (see Table 4). This data confirms the increasingly positive trend in Poland's cultural and creative product trade in recent years.

In terms of specific product types, the import and export of Polish cultural and creative products are mainly distributed in the following areas: audio-visual and multimedia arts (such as film, disks and tapes, CDs and DVDs used for laser reading systems), books and publishing (including newspapers, books, maps, booklets, etc.). Third place in advertising ranking (including commercial advertisements, images, drawings, and photos, etc.). In the field of advertising, we observe the largest trade surplus (with exports exceeding imports by more than 5 times). High trade surpluses were also recorded in the fields of books and publishing (2.84 times) and visual arts (2.36 times). The trade deficit is mainly concentrated in the following areas: audio-visual and multimedia arts (-140 million zlotys), performing arts (-94 million zlotys), cultural heritage (-36.5 million zlotys), and fine arts and crafts (-100000 zlotys).

In Poland's foreign trade structure, cultural and creative product trade is not the most important item, with exports accounting for only 1.6% and imports accounting for only 1.1%. As for the trade direction of cultural and creative products, the largest export target is EU countries (accounting for 93.8% of the total export value). At the same time, Poland imported a significant amount of cultural and creative products from EU countries (accounting for 42.0% of Poland's total cultural and creative product imports), and also imported a considerable amount of cultural and creative products from developing countries (accounting for 32.6%).

表4 2018年波兰文化贸易情况

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Table 4: Cultural Trade in Poland in 2018

In 2018, the export value of cultural and creative services in Poland was 10.9614 billion zlotys, and the import value of cultural and creative services was 10.1601 billion zlotys. Compared to 2017, the increase in cultural and creative services trade in Poland is higher than that of cultural and creative products. The import and export volume of cultural and creative services in Poland increased by 15.5%, with a trade surplus of 801.3 million zlotys. Advertising (86.5%) and audio-visual and multimedia arts (6.2%) account for a significant share of Poland's cultural and creative service exports. The import volume is more prominent in the following areas: advertising (54.5%), audio-visual and multimedia arts (32.7%).

Compared with cultural and creative products, cultural and creative services have significant importance in Poland's foreign trade, accounting for 4.4% and 6.4% of all service imports and exports, respectively. Poland's cultural and creative services are mainly exported to EU countries (69.5%), and the majority of imported cultural and creative services also come from EU countries (80.2%).

Outlook on the Cultural Trade of the Four Middle Schools

（1） The trade between China and Poland is becoming increasingly frequent

To promote cooperation between Poland and China, the two countries have established corresponding institutional frameworks. In December 2011, Polish President Bronislaw Komorowski made an official visit to China, which was also an important driving factor for the development of China Poland economic relations. After this visit, some joint action plans between China and Poland have been completed, involving holding forums on economic, investment, and scientific exchanges, such as the first local cooperation forum in Gdansk and the second local cooperation forum in Guangzhou. Polish Airlines has also opened flights from Warsaw to Beijing.

The enduring determination of the two governments is also reflected in the establishment of the inter ministerial group for coordinating strategic partnership actions. In this group, the Business Council serves as a platform for dialogue between Chinese and Polish enterprises. On March 12, 2012, the initiative aimed at promoting economic cooperation between China and Poland, known as Go China, was launched. As an initiative, Go China encourages Polish entrepreneurs to develop business relationships with Chinese partners. The Polish government is aware of the enormous business opportunities brought by China's dynamic economy and has decided to take further measures to strengthen economic and trade exchanges between Poland and China.

Considering China's economic potential and development momentum, the main goal of Poland China cooperation is to develop the economy: increase Poland's exports to China, attract Chinese companies to invest in Poland, and increase Poland's direct investment in China. Engage in intensive political dialogue and cooperation in education, culture, and tourism to promote common development between the two countries. Poland hopes to promote its cultural heritage and provide information about China to Polish entrepreneurs. These efforts can promote cooperation between Polish companies and their Chinese counterparts, making the economic ties between the two countries more effective and profound. However, geographical distance, China's huge market size, internal diversity, and other differences between Poland and China also pose challenges to cooperation between the two countries.

（2） China Poland cultural exchange has a long history

China and Poland have close cultural exchanges. In March 1950, China and Poland signed a Sino Polish news exchange contract. In April 1951, the two countries signed a cultural cooperation agreement, which was also the first cultural agreement signed between China and Eastern European countries. The Chinese and Polish governments hope to showcase their country's high-quality elegance and popular culture to foreign audiences. Both countries hope to attract more tourists by introducing their literature, art, education, and popular culture to foreign audiences. Cultural exchange has always played an important role in the bilateral relations between China and Poland, providing a great platform for exploring the rich cultural heritage, traditions, values, and ideas of both countries. Therefore, the fifth point of the Joint Statement between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Poland on Establishing a Strategic Partnership, issued in 2011, pointed out the need to continue to hold cultural festivals and other artistic exchange activities with each other. Both sides also agreed to establish more cultural institutions in each other's countries, continue to hold cultural days and art exchange activities.

The field of cultural cooperation between Poland and China is constantly expanding, and both sides have expressed their willingness to introduce the best cultural works to each other's audiences. A major initiative to promote Polish multiculturalism in China is the Polish Cultural Festival held in Beijing, which has been held annually since 2012. This cultural event is also part of the celebration of Poland's National Independence Day (November 11th).

Meanwhile, in other cultural fields, exchanges between China and Poland are becoming increasingly frequent. For example, China and Poland have maintained good exchanges and interactions in the fields of film and television, with close cooperation between the two sides. In 2011, Cai, the director of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television of China, made a friendly visit to Poland and held the "Mei Lanfang Film Exhibition" during the visit. In 2018, events such as the China Beijing Poland Film Week and the Poland Film Industry Promotion Conference were successfully held in China.

（3） The promotion policies for the cultural industry in China and Poland are relatively strong

Both China and Poland have introduced a series of industrial and trade policies to promote the development of cultural industries and cultural trade. As early as 2005, China officially issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening and Improving the Export of Cultural Products and Services", which clearly stated the need to promote the export of cultural products and services. In 2006, China formulated the "Several Policies on Encouraging and Supporting the Export of Cultural Products and Services", which encouraged and supported cultural enterprises of various ownerships to actively engage in, participate in, and engage in the export of cultural products and services. In 2007, China formulated the "Guiding Catalogue for the Export of Cultural Products and Services".

At the same time, Poland also invests a large amount of budget funds every year to promote its cultural development. The Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage continues to increase its financial support for the cultural field, providing a total of 4 billion zlotys (approximately 7.05 billion yuan) in 2018, an increase of 20% compared to 2015. Financial support is crucial for implementing cultural policies. In addition to funding, the government has also implemented many financial incentives to encourage creators, artists, and economic groups to engage in cultural activities. On March 2, 2020, the Polish Ministry of Culture and National Heritage announced the first recruitment results for the Monument Protection Program. 375 projects have received co financing of over 104 million zlotys. In the cultural industry, in 2017, the Polish Film Association allocated 137.5 million zlotys for activities within the framework of business projects. Among them, 94 million zlotys were used for film production, 25 million zlotys were used for film education and cultural promotion, 6 million zlotys were used for the development of the film industry, and 8 million zlotys were used for overseas promotion of films.

The implementation and promotion of these cultural policies have laid a solid foundation for the common development of cultural trade between China and Poland.

（4） The "17+1" cooperation mechanism provides new opportunities for the development of China Poland cultural trade

The increasing importance of China in the global landscape has led major countries in the world to pursue positive policies towards China; The EU has therefore established many mechanisms to strengthen cooperation with China. The China Central and Eastern European Countries Cooperation Mechanism ("17+1" cooperation mechanism) is an important platform for strengthening and deepening China Poland and EU China relations. Poland is the largest among the 17 Central and Eastern European countries, a strategic partner of China, and an important participant in the "17+1" cooperation mechanism, which is an effective channel to strengthen the relationship between Poland and China. The cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries has provided a new opportunity for China Poland cooperation to accelerate and achieve comprehensive development, resulting in more concrete achievements in practical cooperation between the two countries. Almost all international freight trains between China and Europe (currently becoming increasingly active) pass through Poland, making Poland an increasingly important logistics hub for China and Central and Eastern European countries. From China's perspective, Poland is one of the most important partners for cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe.

From this perspective, the cultural trade interaction between China and Poland is becoming increasingly frequent, promoting cooperation and common development in the cultural industries of the two countries.