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平成时期日本的社会变迁——从瓦解走向重构

作者:王伟 出版日期:2019年06月 报告页数:31 页 报告大小: 报告字数:31405 字 所属图书:日本文论 2019年第1辑(总第1辑) 浏览人数: 下载人数:

文章摘要:二战后日本形成的社会体系在平成时期出现重大变化,从瓦解走向重构。少子老龄化导致人口结构失衡,人口红利消失殆尽,人口负债成为日本经济发展的沉重负担,日本开始重新定义“老年人”。同时,结婚率下降、女性劳动参与率上升、单身家庭增多等因素带来的个体化和多样化,使战后日本家庭模式发生改变,面临加强维护或更加多样化发展的选择;雇佣的流动化使非正式员工增多,调转工作员工比例上升,日本型雇佣体系难以为继,劳动就业体系向灵活多样方向转变。日本长期忽视泡... 展开

文章摘要:二战后日本形成的社会体系在平成时期出现重大变化,从瓦解走向重构。少子老龄化导致人口结构失衡,人口红利消失殆尽,人口负债成为日本经济发展的沉重负担,日本开始重新定义“老年人”。同时,结婚率下降、女性劳动参与率上升、单身家庭增多等因素带来的个体化和多样化,使战后日本家庭模式发生改变,面临加强维护或更加多样化发展的选择;雇佣的流动化使非正式员工增多,调转工作员工比例上升,日本型雇佣体系难以为继,劳动就业体系向灵活多样方向转变。日本长期忽视泡沫经济崩溃后出现的收入差距问题,导致差距扩大、贫富分化,中流社会演变为“格差社会”。工作方式改革或将在缓解社会不平等方面有所作为。

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Abstract:Japan’s social system formed since the end of WWII has undergone significant changes in the Heisei period,from disintegration to Rebuilding. Aging population has resulted in imbalances in population structure,the disappearance of demographic bonus and growing indebtedness on Japan’s economic development. Japan has begun to redefine “the elderly”. Meanwhile,the decline of marriage rate,the increase of female labor participation... 展开

Abstract:Japan’s social system formed since the end of WWII has undergone significant changes in the Heisei period,from disintegration to Rebuilding. Aging population has resulted in imbalances in population structure,the disappearance of demographic bonus and growing indebtedness on Japan’s economic development. Japan has begun to redefine “the elderly”. Meanwhile,the decline of marriage rate,the increase of female labor participation rate and the rise of single families have brought about individualization and diversification,changing the family pattern in Japan,which is faced with the choice of either returning to the tradition or more diversified development. The employment mobilization has increased the number of informal employees as well as the proportion of staff changing jobs,making the Japanese employment system unsustainable and shifting the labor employment system to a flexible and diversified direction. Japan has long neglected the problem of income gap since the collapse of the bubble economy,which has led to the widening of the gap and the polarization between the rich and the poor,changing the society with affluent middle class into the “an unequal society”. The work style reform plays a growing role in easing social inequality to some extent.

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作者简介

王伟:王伟,中国社会科学院日本研究所研究员。