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“工业4.0”背景下数字化对未来劳动的影响——基于德国学者的视角

作者:朱宇方 出版日期:2019年07月 报告页数:20 页 报告大小: 报告字数:23997 字 所属丛书:德国蓝皮书 所属图书:德国发展报告(2019) 浏览人数: 下载人数:

文章摘要:随着“工业4.0”的正式提出,数字化对未来劳动的影响引起德国学界的高度关注。本文从劳动力市场研究、对劳动本身的研究、塑造未来劳动的前瞻性立场、对数字平台新趋势的关注这几个方面入手,对德国学界的最新研究和主要观点进行梳理,归纳和总结出德国学界关注视角和基本立场的重要变化与发展脉络。在数字化对劳动力市场影响的研究方面,德国学界的注意力从最初的岗位替代逐步转向劳动力市场的结构变动。在数字化对劳动本身的研究方面,引入“社会-技术系统”视角,充分揭... 展开

文章摘要:随着“工业4.0”的正式提出,数字化对未来劳动的影响引起德国学界的高度关注。本文从劳动力市场研究、对劳动本身的研究、塑造未来劳动的前瞻性立场、对数字平台新趋势的关注这几个方面入手,对德国学界的最新研究和主要观点进行梳理,归纳和总结出德国学界关注视角和基本立场的重要变化与发展脉络。在数字化对劳动力市场影响的研究方面,德国学界的注意力从最初的岗位替代逐步转向劳动力市场的结构变动。在数字化对劳动本身的研究方面,引入“社会-技术系统”视角,充分揭示了劳动作为社会活动的丰富内涵以及“人”在其中的重要作用,并提出“塑造未来劳动”的新命题。此外,数字平台作为全新事物也已经引起了德国学界的关注。从研究结论来看,德国学界对数字化进程中的未来劳动基本持中性的态度,在应对未来变化的必要措施方面,普遍强调通过职业教育提高劳动者的技能和素质以适应未来岗位的需求,发挥行业组织的作用,推进社会保障体系的改革,以及加强立法,但普遍不主张政府对劳动力市场进行直接干预。

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Abstract:With the introduction of the concept of “Industry 4.0”,the impact of digitization on future labor has attracted the attention of German academics. This article categorizes and gives an outline of the latest research and the main positions in German academia from four different aspects:research on the labor market,research on labor itself,aspects of how to shape labor in the future,and the attention given to the new trend of dig... 展开

Abstract:With the introduction of the concept of “Industry 4.0”,the impact of digitization on future labor has attracted the attention of German academics. This article categorizes and gives an outline of the latest research and the main positions in German academia from four different aspects:research on the labor market,research on labor itself,aspects of how to shape labor in the future,and the attention given to the new trend of digital platforms. It highlights the significant changes and developments in the perspectives and basic positions taken by German academics. In a study of the impact of digitization on the labor market,the attention of German academics has gradually shifted from job replacement to structural changes in the labor market. Regarding the research on the impact of digitization on labor itself,a systemic “socio-technical approach” is introduced that takes into account the significance of labor as a social activity and its importance for human beings while simultaneously proposing the new task of “shaping the labor of the future”. In addition,digital platforms as a new workplace have attracted the attention of German academics. In general,they take a neutral view of the future of labor in the digital age. In terms of necessary steps to cope with future changes,while refraining from advocating direct government intervention in the labor market,they generally emphasize the significance of vocational education in improving the skills and qualifications of workers so that they can meet the challenges of future jobs,the need to strengthen industrial organizations,the requirement to reform the social security system,and the exigency for legislation that adapts to impending changes.

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作者简介

朱宇方:朱宇方,博士,同济大学德国问题研究所/欧盟研究所讲师。