1842年前珠江三角洲地区的走私网络：澳门与美国对中国内地贸易的内在联系

Abstract:Smuggling between the lower Pearl River Delta and Canton has a long history.Previous studies have shown that the contraband trade expanded rapidly after it became established at Lintin Island（內伶仃島）in 1820.However，little or nothing has been said about how the smuggling network operated or about the other two contraband networks that were in operation in the delta，from 1820 to 1842.These channels through which much contraband entered and exited China were distinct networks that，for the most part，operated independently from each other.One of the networks was based in Macao，another at Whampoa（Huangpu 黃埔），and the third at Lintin Island.After Lintin emerged in 1820，it quickly became the favoured port for smugglers.The reasons for that happening have not been clearly understood.The Whampoa and Macao networks were in operation much earlier which raises the question，why did the contraband trade move to Lintin？Because the operations of the Macao，Whampoa and Lintin smuggling networks have never been thoroughly studied or compared，I will devote space here to show their basic structures.With a better understanding of their functions and operations，it will become clearer how and why Lintin was preferred over the others.

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