从独立到依附：阿里王朝时期埃及经济发展道路的转换与探索

Abstract:In the course of Egyptian modernization，the economic development way in the Ali Dynasty resulted from the combination of Egypt into the world economy system and explored the economic independence and innovation as well. Due to different reactions to the world economy in varied periods，the different modernization development way took shape. Mohammad Ali forcibly carried out the policy of modernization，propelling up the importation substitute with the Empire of Egypt against the Western capitalism. Isimail Europeanization reform rendered the country to give up self-supply and stepped into the integration of the world system. During the period of British occupation，Egypt fell in the marginalization position in the world system but Egyptian national bourgeoisie set out to explore the economic autonomy and independence. Although the economic nationalism practice in the liberalism era promoted the development of Egyptian modern national industry，foreign business elites dominated the country’s economy. The development ways finally ended up with failure，to a various degree，not only failing to revive Egypt but also marginalizing it into the dependent position. From the reaction between Egypt in the times of the Ali Dynasty and the world system，the pros and cons are decided by the country’s and entrepreneurs’ reactions to the world market.

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