伊拉克阿拉伯部落问题起源的历史考察

Abstract:Iraqi Arab tribes have had a significant impact on the historical development of the Mesopotamia，which have basically the same living environment，balanced and opposed internal structure，and multiple and orderly organizational principles. The Arab tribes have been constantly involved in the construction of empires or states，presenting close interaction with the state in historical changes. The change of the Ottoman Empire from indirect rule to centralized reform made the Arab tribal society constantly weakened and fell into the process of system deconstruction. During the period of mandatory administration，the British government governed through custom rule，and the tribal system was retained in the national construction，but it could not prevent the overall decline of the tribal society. During the period of the Republic of Iraq，Cultural tribalism was discovered and exploited by the state，and then evolved into national tribalism and social tribalism. In the process of national construction and social integration in Iraq，tribal nationalization and national tribalization emerged one after another. However，the tribal nature was difficult to adapt to the modern state building model，which constantly lead to political conflicts，institutional dilemmas and social crises.

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