2020年“一带一路”建设在南亚的进展及面临的挑战

Abstract:Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiatives in 2013，South Asia region has played an important role. Lots of large projects have been implemented，which improved the energy supply and transportation of countries like Pakistan to a certain extent. However，the development of the Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia is unbalanced，with three patterns in general：The First is the Pakistan model. China and Pakistan are cooperating on all fronts，and the progress of related projects is generally smooth despite occasional fluctuations. The second is the Sri Lanka model. Sri Lanka cooperates with both China and India，and the Belt and Road Initiative can still be promoted in general，although it often faces ups and downs. The third is the India model. While India is publicly opposed to the Belt and Road Initiative，economic and trade cooperation between India and China is still in the process and has great potentials，although it suffered setbacks in 2020 due to the epidemic and the deterioration of Sino-Indian relations. The development of the Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia also faces international political risks，domestic political risks，and operational risks. Considering the historical connections，cultural ties，geographical proximity and complementary economic development stages between China and South Asia，the Belt and Road Initiative has a lot of space and potential in South Asia. At present，the first phase focusing on the construction of energy and transportation facilities has been largely completed. The second phase emphasizing industrial cooperation is underway. To better promote the Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia region，China needs to clarify the connotations and intentions of the Belt and Road Initiative in South Asia region，promote diversification of project subjects and project contents，and multilateralization of project implementation. Ultimately，the BRI proposed by China will become an economic link and cooperation platform shared by China with South Asian countries，as well as with the rest of the world.