退溪“四端七情论”：一个现象学的考察

Abstract:This article aims to phenomenologically examine Toegye’s arguments on the Four Beginnings （siduan） and Seven Emotions （qiqing），attempting a theoretical reconstruction through “founding” and “alterity”，so as to reveal the relations and differences between siduanand qiqing. On the one hand，siduan constitutes a founding substratum，on the top of which qiqingmay be founded. Moreover，whereas siduan and qiqing share the same assumption of alterity or intersubjectivity，they differ in their emphasis on whether li （principle） or qi （physical force） shall be prioritised. The priority of li over qi is inherent in the notion of siduan，while for qiqing，it is the other way around. When confronted by an “other”，one will invariably face a choice to make，in “deontological consideration of the other’s interest” or “private preference”. There is an emphasis that “deontological consideration shall prevail” in siduan，for which it is “purely good”. By way of comparison，qiqingmay be affected more often than not by “private desire or preference”，for which reason it will manifest the Janus faces of being both good and evil.

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