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毛里求斯政治制度的发展与现状

作者:曹峰毓 王涛 出版日期:2018年12月 报告页数:17 页 报告大小: 报告字数:18938 字 所属图书:非洲研究 2018年第2卷(总第13卷) 浏览人数: 下载人数:

文章摘要:毛里求斯政治制度的完善始于英国殖民时期。在法国裔居民的推动下,该地区的政治制度朝着民主化的方向缓慢前进。二战结束后,随着去殖民化运动在世界范围内的高涨,英国被迫加快推进毛里求斯的民主建设。至20世纪60年代,英国殖民政府已经为独立后的毛里求斯制定出了相对完善的政治制度。独立后,该国根据宪法建立起了三权分立的政治体制。其中,总统为象征性的国家元首,行政权被以总理为首脑的政府把控;立法权划归国民议会;而司法权则交由法院系统。同时,宪法亦规定了... 展开

文章摘要:毛里求斯政治制度的完善始于英国殖民时期。在法国裔居民的推动下,该地区的政治制度朝着民主化的方向缓慢前进。二战结束后,随着去殖民化运动在世界范围内的高涨,英国被迫加快推进毛里求斯的民主建设。至20世纪60年代,英国殖民政府已经为独立后的毛里求斯制定出了相对完善的政治制度。独立后,该国根据宪法建立起了三权分立的政治体制。其中,总统为象征性的国家元首,行政权被以总理为首脑的政府把控;立法权划归国民议会;而司法权则交由法院系统。同时,宪法亦规定了该国国民与地方议会的选举制度,以保障该国权力交接的平稳。在实际运行中,毛里求斯的政治体制虽然偶有波动,但总体上维持了平稳运行。毛里求斯的案例表明,在面对共同发展问题的情况下,非洲国家仍有希望建立起民主体制。不过,该案例也表现出了民主体制在反腐、危机应对以及代表性上的局限。此外,在对毛里求斯成功经验加以研究的同时也不应忽视该国的特殊性。

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Abstract:The improvement of Mauritius's political system began in the British colonial period. Driven by French inhabitants,the political system in the region developed slowly towards democratization. After the end of World War II,with the rise of decolonization movement in the world,Britain was forced to accelerate the construction of democracy in Mauritius. By 1960s,the British colonial government had developed a relatively complete poli... 展开

Abstract:The improvement of Mauritius's political system began in the British colonial period. Driven by French inhabitants,the political system in the region developed slowly towards democratization. After the end of World War II,with the rise of decolonization movement in the world,Britain was forced to accelerate the construction of democracy in Mauritius. By 1960s,the British colonial government had developed a relatively complete political system for Mauritius. After independence,the country established a political system with the separation of three powers according to the Constitution. Among them,the president is the symbolic head of state,and the administrative power is controlled by the government led by prime minister;the legislative power is classified into the National Assembly;and the judicial power is granted to the court system. At the same time,the Constitution also stipulates the electoral system of the national and local councils to ensure the smooth transfer of power. In practice,although fluctuated occasionally,Mauritius's political system maintained a generally smooth operation. The case in Mauritius shows that in the face of common development problems,African countries are still likely establish a democratic system. However,the case also shows the limitations of the democratic system in anti-corruption,crisis response and representativeness. Moreover,we should not neglect the particularity of Mauritius when studying its successful experience.

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作者简介

曹峰毓:曹峰毓,博士研究生,云南大学非洲研究中心;

王涛:王涛,副教授,云南大学非洲研究中心(昆明,650091)。