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议会特权的边界——香港《基本法》秩序下议会特权争议管辖问题研究

作者:秦静 出版日期:2018年12月 报告页数:25 页 报告大小: 报告字数:22012 字 所属图书:当代港澳研究(2018年第4辑,总第61辑) 浏览人数: 下载人数:

文章摘要:“议会特权”作为英国“议会法与惯例”的一部分,可以上溯至1689年《权利法案》甚至更早的习惯法,并为近代立宪体制下各国的议会政治所吸纳。议会自治与议员个体免责权的存在,确立了议会在部分事由上专属的管辖权及最终决定权,一定程度上排除了法院作为外部监督者的“干预”。随着民主政体的巩固、议会规模的扩张及议会议事功能与内部行政事务逐渐剥离,民众对议会运作透明度和公正性诉求的增强,为特权所涵盖的议会事务并非一成不变,且法院逐渐掌握了界定特权和豁免与... 展开

文章摘要:“议会特权”作为英国“议会法与惯例”的一部分,可以上溯至1689年《权利法案》甚至更早的习惯法,并为近代立宪体制下各国的议会政治所吸纳。议会自治与议员个体免责权的存在,确立了议会在部分事由上专属的管辖权及最终决定权,一定程度上排除了法院作为外部监督者的“干预”。随着民主政体的巩固、议会规模的扩张及议会议事功能与内部行政事务逐渐剥离,民众对议会运作透明度和公正性诉求的增强,为特权所涵盖的议会事务并非一成不变,且法院逐渐掌握了界定特权和豁免与否的最终权力。在对普通法予以继受的香港,立法会与司法机关之间存在同样张力。法院面临的不同以往的挑战还在于,如何在新宪政秩序下,完成普通法审判原则与成文宪法间的衔接及必要的调整。本文将从2012年“梁国雄诉立法会主席案”及2016年“港独议员宣誓案”——两个看似判决结果迥异的司法审查案件入手,呈现《基本法》及合宪性审查在何种程度上将取代普通法原则及“必要性审查”,成为主导议会特权争议管辖问题的法律依据与法理基础,并发展出自成体系的“不干预原则”。

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Abstract:“Parliamentary privilege”,as a part of “Lexparliamenti ”,can be traced back to the “Bill of Rights” or even earlier and is absorbed by the parliamentary politics of countries under the modern constitutional system.The autonomy of parliament and the legal immunity enjoyed by its members gives rise to the exclusive jurisdiction and ultimate decision-making power of the parliament in relation to its internal issues internal,whic... 展开

Abstract:“Parliamentary privilege”,as a part of “Lexparliamenti ”,can be traced back to the “Bill of Rights” or even earlier and is absorbed by the parliamentary politics of countries under the modern constitutional system.The autonomy of parliament and the legal immunity enjoyed by its members gives rise to the exclusive jurisdiction and ultimate decision-making power of the parliament in relation to its internal issues internal,which,to some extent,ruled out the court's “intervention”.With the consolidation of democracy,the expansion of the parliamentary power,the gradual separation of parliamentary core functions and internal administrative affairs and the increasing demand for public transparency and fairness in the operation of the parliament,the scope of parliamentary privileges has been changing accordingly.In this regard,courts have final power to determine whether a matter falls within Parliamentary privilege.There is similar tension between Legislative Council and the judiciary In Hong Kong where common law is maintained after its return..It is challenging for the Hong Kong Courts to inherit the principles of the common law and make necessary adjustments under the new constitutional order established by the Basic Law.Leung Kwok Hung v.The President of the Legislative Council of the HKSARand CE & SJ v.Sixtus Leung Chung Hang and others will be closely discussed and examined in this paper to demonstrate how the Basic Law and the principle of “constitutionality” have replaced the common law principle and the “necessity test” as the legal basis for resolving disputes related to parliamentary privileges,which subsequently gives rise to the principle of “non-intervention”.

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作者简介

秦静:秦静,法学博士,中山大学中国公共管理研究中心/政治与公共事务管理学院讲师,中山大学粤港澳发展研究院副研究员,主要研究方向为宪法与行政法、港澳基本法。