卡尔纳克神庙的起源和阿蒙神崇拜的开端

Abstract:The debated question of the origins of Karnak and of the genesis of Amun’s cult has long been considered unsolvable because of the lack of evidence. By taking into account all archaeological，geomorphological and historical documentation available，including fruitful results in the last decade，new hypotheses may now be proposed. It seems that，after being located on the West Bank（i.e. the Nile flowing on its east side）in prehistorical times，Karnak became a deserted island during the entire Old Kingdom. The first known traces of Karnak as a religious complex date back only to the beginning of the Eleventh Dynasty：due to the river gradually moving West，new lands emerged，allowing the new rulers to dedicate a new temple to a new god meant to legitimate their power. Amun-Ra was not created ex nihilo，but as a combination of an ancient “hidden deity” with god Ra（or Ra-Atum）of Heliopolis，also borrowing some features and specific liturgy from old Min of Coptos-a most interesting political as well as theological process，giving birth to the divine entity Amun-Ra-Kamutef.

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