双重转变：沙特部落与国家的形成

Abstract:Joseph Kostiner，an associate professor at the Tel Aviv University in Israel，focuses on the history of the Middle East，with particular attention to Saudi Arabia and Yemen. He points out in the following essay that the different stages of the formation of the state of Saudi Arabia are influenced by tribal values. The Saudi chieftaincy underwent two dialectical phases of state formation，each composed of a drastic period of change followed by a period of adjustment. One period of drastic change began in the late 1910s and continued into 1920s. It featured territorial expansion and incorporation of new populations. The state has initially established new systems and bureaucratic systems to restrict tribal power. However，tribal patterns of behavior and tribal values are still prevalent in the Saudi polity and the social structure has not changed. During this period，the state system and tribal system exist in parallel. Another period of drastic change，in the late 1960s and the 1970s，was notable mostly for an infrastructure buildup and the improvement and entrenchment of the administration in society. Saudi Arabia reconstructs its polity，creating a new model of tribal-state interaction. The changing functions of both tribal power and values are the keys to understanding Saudi state formation.

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