试析近代非洲国家的改革——以埃塞俄比亚为重点

Abstract:Samir.Amin thought，Muhammad.Ali’s reform with the reform in Japan was “the only modernized try” during the 19th century in the world except Europe. This conclusion is incomplete. In fact，at that time in Asia，Thailand Rama V reform，Turkey of Rolunteers matt and reform，China’s westernization reform movement and Wu Xu 1898. The African continent has similar reforms.In north Africa，besides Egypt，Morocco and Tunisia，in Sub-saharan Africa there are reforms in the kingdom of Congo，Ashanti Empire，Sultan and so on. “Pre-industrialization” movement in Madagascar and successful reforms about social，military and economic aspects in Ethiopia. The results of these reforms are different and have different effects. This article will analyze two kinds of reforms in African continent. One failed and was colonized by the European countries finally. Ethiopia is the other typical，as determination of leaders and on the premise of gradually unified land，thus the latter can defeat the invasion of Italy in the key period and ensure the national sovereignty in the process of imperialism carving up Africa. The initiative has set an example for another African countries，also established an important position of independence for Ethiopia in the continent of Africa.

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