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全球失衡与中美在再平衡中的责任

作者:张燕生 出版日期:2012年05月 报告页数:12 页 报告大小: 报告字数:10699 字 所属丛书:美国蓝皮书 所属图书:美国问题研究报告.2012:美国全球及亚洲战略调整 浏览人数: 下载人数:

文章摘要:在经济全球化背景下,造成全球经济失衡的根源主要不在经常项目端,而在资本和金融项目端,主要是全球金融货币失衡。全球经常项目差额出现新兴经济体持有顺差、发达经济体持有逆差的系统性偏差。这种系统性偏差反映了失衡的性质,即经济全球化过度强调贸易、投资和金融自由化,过于忽视经济发展和社会公平,从而导致了全球范围内的“南北失衡”。究其根源,是全球治理缺失导致美国等国过度消费、过度借贷、过度进口、过度福利、过度享受全球化红利。对此,美国应当承担调整... 展开

文章摘要:在经济全球化背景下,造成全球经济失衡的根源主要不在经常项目端,而在资本和金融项目端,主要是全球金融货币失衡。全球经常项目差额出现新兴经济体持有顺差、发达经济体持有逆差的系统性偏差。这种系统性偏差反映了失衡的性质,即经济全球化过度强调贸易、投资和金融自由化,过于忽视经济发展和社会公平,从而导致了全球范围内的“南北失衡”。究其根源,是全球治理缺失导致美国等国过度消费、过度借贷、过度进口、过度福利、过度享受全球化红利。对此,美国应当承担调整责任而不是推卸责任和转嫁负担。中国贸易顺差主要是来华投资形成的全球化顺差。中国作为负责任的大国,在承受能力之内应担当起促进全球经济再平衡的责任和义务,如建立国内最终消费带动经济增长的长效机制、鼓励资本输出和外汇资产多元化管理与运用。美国应调整需求结构及技术出口限制政策、供给结构,承担全球再平衡调整责任。

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Abstract:In the context of globalization, the root of global imbalances is not mainly in current account, but in the capital and financial account. The global financial and currency imbalance is the main cause. Systematic deviation has occurred in the global current account difference that emerging economies have surpluses and developed economies have deficits. This kind of systematic deviation reflects the nature of imbalances. That is, the e... 展开

Abstract:In the context of globalization, the root of global imbalances is not mainly in current account, but in the capital and financial account. The global financial and currency imbalance is the main cause. Systematic deviation has occurred in the global current account difference that emerging economies have surpluses and developed economies have deficits. This kind of systematic deviation reflects the nature of imbalances. That is, the economic globalization has overemphasized trade, investment and financial liberalization, and has ignored the economic development and social justice, which initiated the north-south imbalances. Basically, the reason lies in the lack of global governance which led to the over-consumption, over-borrowing, over-import, over-welfare and over-taking globalization bonus in the U.S. and some other countries. The U.S. should take the responsibility rather than passing the buck or shifting the burden. China's trade surplus is created by foreign investments. As a responsible nation, China should take the responsibility and obligation to promote the rebalance of the global economy within the limits of its capacities. For example, China should establish persistent effective mechanism of encouraging consumption to drive economic growth. China also should encourage capital export and diversify the foreign exchange assets. The U.S. should adjust the demand structure, the export restraint policy of high-tech products and the supply structure.

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作者简介

张燕生:国家发展和改革委员会学术委员会秘书长,国务院特殊津贴专家。曾任国家发展和改革委员会对外经济研究所所长、研究员。主要研究领域:国际金融和国际贸易。曾先后主持或参与国家重点研究项目、国家计委重点课题、国家社会科学“七五”“八五”“十五”规划重点课题等。出版中、英文专著10多部,发表学术论文200余篇。