制造业应用人工智能技术风险与应对

Abstract:In terms of promoting industrial development，artificial intelligence（AI）technology has demonstrated an irreplaceable positive role. However，as AI technology continuously evolves in its applications，it not only brings new opportunities and challenges to many industries but also amplifies existing risks through improper use. At the macro level，the application of AI could possibly lead to social welfare risks such as changes in employment structures，widened skill gaps，increased demand for education and training，exacerbated economic inequality，ethical disputes，as well as risks to domestic safety and social stability arising from discrimination and improper use in algorithms and data. In this context，it is necessary to delve into cutting-edge AI technologies，refine development frameworks，strengthen infrastructure construction，and promote the co-governance of law and technology to address the changes caused by AI development. On the industry-specific level，the main risks faced in the application of AI technology include：firstly，AI outputs heavily relies on labeled data，and sometimes contradicting common sense as well as containing ethical issues，and these may hard to be moderated；secondly，the limitations in China’s AI algorithms，computing power，and data layers will further increase the application costs of AI，thereby raising the industrial costs of related technologies and potentially facing significant pressure in international competition；thirdly，China is in the stage of industrial structural transformation and upgrading，but there is a significant mismatch between the development of AI technology and the needs for transformation and upgrading；fourthly，rapid changes in AI application scenarios may lead to severe fluctuations in market demand，shortening the life cycles of some enterprises and industries，causing waste of developmental stage resources and loss of social wealth. Additionally，on ethical and legal levels，the application of AI in manufacturing primarily faces risks related to the leakage of commercial secrets and personal privacy，intellectual property risks，and difficulties in legal regulations keeping pace with the rapid development of AI and resulting social changes.

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