海洋负排放国际大科学计划

Abstract:This report provides a comprehensive overview of the Ocean Negative Carbon Emissions（ONCE）Program，covering its background，objectives，implementation pathways，and progress in international cooperation. The severe impacts of global climate change on ecosystems and human societies have driven countries to reach an international consensus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. As Earth’s largest active carbon sink，the ocean plays a crucial role in this effort. The ONCE program innovatively proposes a multi-carbon pump mechanism，integrating the solubility pump，biological carbon pump，carbonate counter pump，and microbial carbon pump，to enhance marine carbon sequestration. The program aims to explore the practical applications of these mechanisms through demonstration projects such as aquaculture environment carbon sinks，alkalization of wastewater treatment plant effluent，and marine ranching. Chinese scientists have spearheaded the ONCE program，which has distinctive features and has made significant progress in international cooperation. The program has expanded collaborations with multiple research institutions and international organizations，established a global network for ocean negative carbon emissions research，and promoted the development of international standards and protocols. The implementation of the ONCE program will further deepen theoretical research on carbon sequestration，drive innovation in negative emissions technologies，and foster broader international cooperation，ultimately providing new capabilities for global climate governance and sustainable development.

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