全球碳市场最新进展、面临挑战与发展趋势（2023~2024）

Abstract:Addressing climate change is a common course for mankind. The ecological and socio-economic risks caused by climate change have been considered as one of the greatest risks with the highest probability of occurrence in the future. Carbon market is an important market-oriented tool to respond to climate change. By releasing price signals，optimizing resource allocation，and promoting the research，development and application of low-carbon technologies，the carbon market guides enterprises to reduce greenhouse gas emissions，accelerate low-carbon transformation，and achieve the “carbon peaking” goal and the “carbon neutrality” commitment. In the past decade，the scale and coverage of global carbon market have increased rapidly while its vitality grown significantly. However，the diversity and differences in interests among countries have posed major challenges to implement the Paris Agreement. Countries struggled with cooperation，collaboration and communication of carbon pricing mechanisms，quota allocation，market supervision and other aspects. The global carbon market needs to persistently improve market mechanisms，reform regulatory systems，integrate social forces and deepen international cooperation. Develop both compliance and voluntary carbon market，deploy various carbon markets and optimize carbon pricing mechanisms. Establish a sound carbon market system，build a standardized system，provide policy guarantees，increase the transparency，accuracy，and credibility of the carbon market.Encourage individuals，public institutions and enterprises to support low-carbon development and participate in emission reduction governance. Strengthen policy coordination，standard interoperability and exchange，data sharing and technological cooperation among international carbon markets. Effectively utilize the advantage of resource allocation of market to subsidize low-carbon technologies，expand the scale of carbon finance，enhance market vitality and ensure a just transition.

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