分与合的两难：公元前1世纪中后期罗马帝国犹太政策的转向

Abstract:After 63 BC，the Roman rulers reorganized the Jewish political system in sequence. Pompey and his follower Gabinius took the measure of “divide and rule”，dividing up the territory of Judea with the intention of transforming the Jewish kingdom directly into a Roman province. However，this measure was not effective in stabilizing the political situation in Judea，but rather exacerbating the social disorder in this region. This was explicitly contrary to the political interests of Rome. Caesar and Augustus took the measure of “unite and rule”，accompanied by integrating the Jewish kingdom into Roman client kingdom gradually，which effectively ensured the social stability of the Near East. In general，Roman policy towards the Jews has experienced a change from “divide and rule” to “unite and rule”. This shows that ruling policy of Rome on conquered areas is not unchangeable，but constantly adjusted in practice. The core of the policy is whether is it benefitting to the stability of the Roman frontiers and whether it is fitting the political interests of the Rome. In fact，the dilemma between “separating” and “combinatingis” the status the Roman rulers were faced with. There is an irreconcilable contradiction between political goals and practical needs. Judging from the later historical process，Rome never gave up the political goal. It can be seen that the “client kingdom” is a transitional form in the process from the Jewish kingdom to the Roman province.

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