试论殖民征服时期阿尔及利亚马拉布特阶层的变迁

Abstract:Marabout worship is the religious belief and practice formed in the process of the spread of Islam in the Maghreb region. It is the product of the combination of Islam and primitive religious belief in North Africa. Marabout has both religious and social organization functions in Algeria. During the period of French conquest，marabouts in Algeria were divided：some marabouts launched the Jihad Movement and Mahdi uprising against colonial invasion in order to defend their homeland；the other marabouts struggled to survive under the colonial rule，showing different trends of submission，migration，and disobedience. The resistance and adjustment of marabouts in Algeria during the French conquest，on the one hand，reflected the split characteristics of marabouts itself，on the other hand，it also reflected malabout’s identity transformation under colonial rule. By the end of the 19th century，marabout’s influence gradually declined. The reasons are：the colonial authorities assimilated the religious elites in the city and the countryside to make them become the tools of colonial rule；the tribal society was destroyed，and marabouts lost the social foundation to maintain its existence；after the rise of Islamic reformism，marabout’s worship was criticized，which made marabouts gradually develop To decline.

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