拉美学界关于马克思对玻利瓦尔评价观点的辩论

Abstract:Bolivar was one of the outstanding leaders of the Latin American independence movement and enjoyed a high reputation in Latin America. In 1857 Marx was invited by the American editor Charles Anderson Dana to write the article “Bolivar y Ponte”，which was included in volume 3 of The New American Cyclopaedia and published in 1858. When the article was translated into Spanish and published in the Argentinean journal Dialéctica in 1936，it became the subject of a long-standing debate among Latin American scholars. This was because in this article Marx gave a more negative description and evaluation of Bolivar，which was quite different from the mainstream evaluation of his contemporaries. Latin American scholars have tried to find a reasonable explanation for Marx’s approach，and their views fall into three categories：first，they believe that Marx was limited and misled by his sources；second，they believe that Marx made the mistake of “Eurocentrism”；third，they believe that this was a deeper reflection on the construction of the Latin American nation-state. Owing to Latin American model of nation-state construction did not conform to Marx’s view of the state，he was forced to evaluate Bolivar from a negative standpoint. This paper composes this historiographical debate and draws some new understanding and enlightenment about Bolivar and Latin American history.

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