进化，世界系统，世界文学

Abstract:Moretti started his analysis from the perspective of biological evolutionary theory and put forward the thesis that world literature is one but unequal. The essay described the evolutionary process and the current state of the world literary system from three perspectives：diffusion，variation （diversity） and amalgamation. Moretti introduced the metaphors of “tree” and “wave” throughout the text，with the wave metaphor referring to the spread of literary forms from the core to the periphery，and the tree metaphor referring to the divergence of literature on both the ephemeral and diachronic levels. And the novel，as a hybrid form，makes possible the separation of plot and style in this world cultural landscape. Finally，Moretti prospected the future development of world literature，arguing that studying the literature of the past and the literature of the present requires the completely different theoretical approaches，which is the academic challenge of world literature in the 21st century.

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