挪威在斯匹次卑尔根群岛与海域的新近活动及其影响——基于《斯匹次卑尔根群岛条约》缔约百年背景下的考察

Abstract:The Spitsbergen Treaty concluded in 1920 established Norway’s territorial sovereignty and certain jurisdiction over Spitsbergen Islands. In order to strengthen its sovereignty and jurisdiction，Norway has recently carried out a series of activities，which are mainly reflected as follows：in response to the diplomatic and security challenges of the Arctic，Norway has issued the “Long Term Defense Plan”，increased its defense budget，attached importance to military cooperation with NATO，and continued to strengthen law enforcement activities in the Svalbard fisheries protection area；Actions taken in response to the development of the northern region include the establishment of the Svalbard local office，strengthening the construction and development of regional environment，energy，science and new enterprises，and strengthening the construction of green energy；In order to deal with the activities carried out by COVID-19，the main task is to formulate a compulsory epidemic prevention policy and strictly restrict the personnel entering and leaving the Spitsbergen Islands，especially foreign nationals. These activities have affected the relevant rights and interests of other parties to the Svalbard treaty and stakeholders，involving geopolitics，security，economy，resources and environment，etc. in particular，the management of fisheries protection areas in the waters around Spitsbergen Islands and the ownership of resources development on the continental shelf have aroused doubts from stakeholders about the expansion of Norway’s jurisdiction，Norway’s latest epidemic prevention policy has damaged the rights and interests of other States parties，such as the right of entering and the right of scientific research. The actions taken by Norway under the background of a series of domestic laws and policies directly or potentially strengthen Norway’s sovereignty over Spitsbergen Islands. Under the situation of wide influence and constant disputes，Norway should strengthen the consultation and cooperation with relevant countries.

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